Showing 141-160 of 803 for: Essential Evidence Topics Back
- Cholera
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Prevention using decontaminated water and good food hygiene can be very effective. Profound diarrhea can develop very quickly and become life threatening. Rapid, aggressive rehydration is essential for control of dehydration and r
- Chronic fatigue syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Among patients with longstanding fatigue, only about one-third meet the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) criteria for chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and graded exercise therapy
- Chronic kidney disease
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Current guidelines recommend screening for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients at higher risk (such as hypertension or diabetes mellitus) using a urine assay assessing protein excretion and a serum creatinine to calculate an esti
- Chronic obstructive lung disease (acute exacerbation)
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Influenza vaccination can reduce serious illness and likely reduces chronic obstructive lung (pulmonary) disease (COPD) exacerbations. GOLD 2020 Combination of a long-acting inhaled beta-agonist OR long-acting inhaled muscarinic ant
- Chronic obstructive lung disease (chronic management)
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider chronic obstructive pulmonary (lung) disease (COPD) in patients with chronic and progressive dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, a history of recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, and/or a history of exposure to ri
- Circumcision (procedure)
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-May-2021
Indications for procedure: The specialty board position statement from the American Academy of Pediatrics (also endorsed by the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology) states that benefits of neonatal circumcision outweigh the risks and that the pr
- Cleft lip and palate
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Aug-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are common congenital defects and their cause is multifactorial. Phenytoin and cigarette smoking are two of the most consistent risk factors. Squeezable bottles containing breast milk or breastfe
- Clostridium difficile infection
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect Clostridium difficile in any patient with acute watery diarrhea during or shortly after antibiotic therapy. When there is a high baseline likelihood of CDI (i.e. hospitalized patient, antibiotic use, no other explanation) o
- Cocaine misuse
Essential Evidence Topics, 9-Dec-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect cocaine use in patients with abnormal mentation, especially in the setting of symptoms of a hyperadrenergic state including nausea, trouble concentrating, anxiety, paranoia, jitteriness, and euphoria. A validated screening t
- Coccidioidomycosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 12-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: If a patient who resides in or who has traveled to the endemic area presents with symptoms of pneumonia, consider laboratory evaluation for coccidioidomycosis. Most primary infections resolve without treatment. Conditions that war
- Coccygeal injury
Essential Evidence Topics, 12-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: The most frequent cause of coccygeal injury in adults is trauma. Physical examination may reveal ecchymosis in the acute stage, localized sacrococcygeal joint pain and tenderness, and pain with sacrococcygeal motion on rectal examin
- Colic
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Oct-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Organic disease is uncommon; a community-based study with consistent evaluation of organic etiologies has not been performed to date. Diagnosis is predominantly clinical; colic is usually defined as unexplained paroxysmal bouts of f
- Colonoscopy (procedure)
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Aug-2021
Background: Indications for Procedure Screening colonoscopy Colonoscopy is performed to evaluate an asymptomatic patient for cancer or polyps believed to be precursors of colorectal cancer. (CRC) There is indirect evidence from observational studies tha
- Colorectal cancer
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Start screening in average-risk adults at the age of 50 using any of the following: biennial fecal immunochemical test (FIT); flexible sigmoidoscopy every 10 years with biennial FIT; fecal DNA every 1 to 3 years; or colonoscopy ev
- Coma
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Oxygenation via simple airway manouvers followed by early intubation and ventilation is imperative for coma due to traumatic brain injury. Intubation should also be considered in all other causes of coma. Mechanically ventilated pat
- Common cold and acute upper respiratory tract infection
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Feb-2021
Overall Bottom Line: The diagnosis of upper respiratory tract infection (RTI) is based on clinical signs and symptoms. This is an acute infection that is typically viral in origin and in which sinus, pharyngeal, and lower airway symptoms are present, but
- Compartment syndromes
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Feb-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Acute compartment syndrome (ACS) can occur in any part of the body, usually at the site of a traumatic injury. ACS is an emergency that should be treated with immediate surgical intervention. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
- Concussion in athletes
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Concussion includes a spectrum of manifestations that can range from transient mild symptoms to ongoing disabling problems. Players with previous concussion are more likely to have recurrent concussion. Women and athletes with thr
- Congenital hydrocephalus
Essential Evidence Topics, 4-Oct-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Congenital hydrocephalus is rare, and occurs in less than 0.6 per 1000 live births. Over 40% of infants have other associated malformations, most commonly facial clefts, cardiac defects, or renal malformations. Clinical signs may be
- Conjunctivitis (allergic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Oct-2019
Overall Bottom Line: The diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis is made via history and physical examination. Topical antihistamines or mast cell stabilizers are effective treatment. Consider intranasal steroids or systemic antihistamines in patients wi
