Showing 81-97 of 97 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Musculoskeletal 
- Scoliosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) found insufficient evidence to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. Initial evaluation includes radiography to measure t
- Shoulder pain (adhesive capsulitis)
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Determine both active and passive range of motion (ROM). Obtain a series of shoulder radiographs to rule out other conditions. Provide NSAIDs for pain control, especially before therapy or exercises. Send the patient to physical
- Shoulder pain (rotator cuff injury)
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: The clinical examination is sensitive at detecting tear but not specific. A clinical decision rule that includes three signs plus age can help diagnose rotator cuff tear. Ultrasound, MRI, and MR arthrograms can be used to diagnose
- Shoulder pain evaluation
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The clinical examination is sensitive but not specific for rotator cuff tear. A simple clinical decision rule can help identify patients at low, moderate, or high risk of rotator cuff tears. Shoulder radiographs are recommended fo
- Sjogren's syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 3-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Sjogren's syndrome is an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic and plasma cell infiltration and destruction of salivary, lacrimal, and other exocrine glands. Key symptoms include dry mouth and dry eye. If clinically suspect
- Spinal muscular atrophy
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Genetic testing for spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) may be done to predict the risk of disease with related offspring but is not routinely recommended. Any child with delay in achieving motor developmental milestones should be evaluat
- Spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Sep-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Active spondylolysis is almost exclusive to adolescent athletes. Spondylolysis should be suspected in any teen with focal low back pain. The best investigation of high-risk athletes with low back pain remains bone scintigraphy with
- Sports preparticipation examination
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Young athletes should be evaluated for previous concussion and incompletely healed prior injury. All competitive athletes should undergo a cardiovascular evaluation that includes personal history of exertion-related symptoms; family
- Subacromial bursa injection (procedure)
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Sep-2022
Indications for procedure: To treat shoulder pain from suspected subacromial bursitis, rotator cuff impingement, rotator cuff tendinosis, and adhesive capsulitis not responsive to conservative measures such as NSAIDs, rest, and physical therapy. Steroid i
- Systemic lupus erythematosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Mar-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect SLE in patients with arthralgias; general symptoms, such as fever or fatigue; and symptoms or signs of multiple system illness. Apply SLICC criteria to make the diagnosis ( Patients with SLE should be evaluated regularly fo
- Temporomandibular joint syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are typically self-limited, and most patients improve over time with or without treatment. Self care (avoiding excessive chewing, addressing parafunctional habits, and using relaxation techniq
- Tendinitis and tendinosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 3-Feb-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Tendinopathy is a diagnosis based on a constellation of clinical findings. There is no single physical examination test that is pathognomonic for any of the different tendinopathies. Acute conservative treatment includes rest and
- Thoracic outlet syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Nov-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Use provocative maneuvers to elicit symptoms of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Urgent evaluation of vascular abnormalities should be performed with Doppler ultrasound. MRI gives adequate information for all types of TOS and can h
- Torticollis
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect torticollis in a patient with involuntary posturing of the head with or without pain. Consider further diagnostic evaluation if an underlying primary cause for the torticollis is suspected (patient with signs of mass, infect
- Transient synovitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Transient synovitis is a diagnosis of exclusion and usually presents as a limp in a young child. Complete blood count (CBC), sedimentation rate (ESR) or C-reactive protein (CRP), and radiographs help to distinguish this illness from
- Trigger finger injection (procedure)
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Aug-2022
Indications for procedure: In trigger finger, there is a characteristic thickening of the synovium of the flexor tendon system due to inflammation, characterized by a palpable, painful nodule. Primary disease is most commonly seen in middle aged women fro
- Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis)
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect Wegener's granulomatosis (also known as granulomatosis with polyangiitis) in patients with persistent or recurrent symptoms such as sinusitis, purulent or bloody nasal discharge, hematuria, fever, or joint pains (). Antineut
