Showing 81-100 of 106 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Infectious disease 
- Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Essential Evidence Topics, 18-May-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Typical symptoms of Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF) include fatigue, myalgias, spiking fever, headache, GI symptoms, and a characteristic rash at 2 to 4 or 5 days into the illness. There is a tick bite history in only about 50%
- Roseola
Essential Evidence Topics, 7-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Acute febrile childhood illness with characteristic three- to four-day prodrome of high fever followed by defervescence and the appearance of a discrete, pink, morbilliform rash that often starts centrally (chest/trunk) and spreads to
- Rotavirus
Essential Evidence Topics, 7-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Children should be vaccinated according to ACIP guidelines within the first year of life, which decreases hospitalizations and mortality from diarrheal illness. Suspect rotavirus in young children presenting with diarrhea, fever, an
- Rubella
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Mar-2022
Overall Bottom Line: All children should receive two vaccinations against measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) separated by at least 28 days on or soon after 1 year of age, with a booster dose after 4 to 5 years of age (recommended age) or during adolescence
- Sepsis (child)
Essential Evidence Topics, 4-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The purpose of a sepsis evaluation is to identify infants who are at high risk for serious bacterial infections, so that they may be hospitalized and treated accordingly. Fever of unknown source in an infant younger than 60 days req
- Sepsis and septic shock (adult)
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Oct-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect sepsis in patients presenting with at least two of altered mental status, a respiratory rate of >=22/minute, and a systolic BP <=100 mm Hg (the qSOFA score). Determine the SOFA score calculated; those with evidence of i
- Sexually transmitted diseases (gonococcal infections)
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (2014) recommends screening all women age 24 years and younger and those who are older and at high risk for chlamydia or gonorrhea infections using a nucleic acid amplification test (NA
- Smallpox
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The last naturally occurring case of smallpox was reported in 1977. Smallpox is characterized by several days of prodromal illness, followed by a diffuse macular rash beginning in the mouth and face and spreading centripetally, even
- Sore throat and pharyngitis (child)
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Mar-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Most episodes of pharyngitis are due to viruses; approximately 20% to 30% are due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). The evaluation for GABHS pharyngitis should include a focused history and physical examination, guide
- Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (SSSS) is most common in children younger than 5 years and occurs rarely in adults. SSSS is caused by a circulating exfoliative exotoxin, produced by some strains of Staphyloccus aureus . SSSS
- Syphilis
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Screening is recommended for all pregnant women and any other individuals at high risk for disease. Diagnosis requires positive darkfield microscopy or a positive venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test or rapid plasma reag
- Tetanus
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Nov-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Primary prevention with tetanus immunization is key to prevention of disease. Diagnosis is made on the basis of acute onset general muscle spasm or trismus (lockjaw), especially in patients with a recent high-risk wound or in those
- Tinea capitis and barbae
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Diagnosis of tinea capitis and barbae is by clinical appearance, microscopic evaluation, and optionally mycologic culture. Oral treatment is with appropriate dose of griseofulvin for 6 to 8 weeks or terbinafine for 2-4 weeks (approv
- Toxoplasmosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Most patients with acute primary toxoplasmosis are asymptomatic. In the eye, toxoplasma primarily affects the retina and choroid, usually in the periphery. In immunocompromised patients, especially people living with HIV, Toxoplasm
- Tropical sprue
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Apr-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Tropical sprue should be considered in patients with diarrhea, malabsorption, and nutritional deficiencies who have traveled to tropical or subtropical regions; it is a diagnosis of exclusion. D-xylose malabsorption is found in 99%
- Tuberculosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Screen high-risk patients for tuberculosis (TB). If a screen for TB is positive, patient needs a chest X-ray, and if pulmonary TB is suspected, 3 induced sputums. Active TB should be treated with a 2-month initiation phase with 4
- Tularemia
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Sep-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect tularemia in patients with abrupt onset of fever, profound lymphadenopathy, with or without typical skin lesion, and with evidence of arthropod bite, exposure to wild animals, or contaminated water. Positive culture, fourfol
- Typhoid and typhus
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Dec-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Typhoid and typhus fevers are infectious diseases that are rare within the United States, and are primarily seen in returning travelers. Relapses and chronic carrier states are seen in both typhus and typhoid fever. Prevention of
- Urethritis (female)
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF, 2021) recommends screening for chlamydia in all sexually-active nonpregnant women 24 years and younger and older women who are at increased risk. In addition, all pregnant wo
- Urethritis (male)
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect urethritis in sexually active men who present with dysuria, urethral pruritus and/or penile discharge. Gram stain of urethral secretions and urine testing can be used to confirm the diagnosis. All men with suspected or confir
