Showing 61-74 of 74 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Respiratory 
- Pulmonary abscess
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect pulmonary abscess in patients with RTI who are at high risk for aspiration; onset is usually insidious. Confirm diagnosis with chest radiographs; consider CT if additional characterization of lesion is needed or additional p
- Pulmonary embolism
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Feb-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Prevention of VTE should be considered according to the patient's baseline risk (see ). Diagnosis begins with estimating probability based on a validated clinical decision rule (), then using a validated diagnostic algorithm integra
- Pulmonary nodule
Essential Evidence Topics, 9-May-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) on CXR should have a chest CT without contrast to better characterize the nodule. Patients with benign calcification or no change in the nodule in 2 years do not warrant further evalua
- Respiratory distress syndrome (neonatal)
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Nov-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Give one course of antenatal corticosteroids to mothers at risk of preterm delivery (before 35 weeks' gestation) to reduce the risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and death in their infants. Delay elective repeat cesarian se
- Sarcoidosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Diagnosis rests on a clinical and radiologic picture consistent with sarcoidosis, exclusion of other diseases that may present in a similar manner, and pathologic evidence showing noncaseating granuloma formation. Elements of the ba
- Sialadenitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Sialadenitis is clinically diagnosed by the sudden onset of an indurated, warm, erythematous swelling of a salivary gland. Maintenance of adequate hydration and broad-spectrum oral antimicrobial therapy are initial therapy for patie
- Sialolithiasis
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Patients who present with unilateral salivary gland swelling and/or pain should be carefully examined; the diagnosis can often be confirmed clinically by the presence of visible or palpable stones. If unable to confirm submandibular
- Silicosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Work with engineered stone is an important contemporary risk factor.23, 24 Silicosis is diagnosed based on history of exposure to silica with associated chest x-ray or CT scan findings (usually nodular changes in the upper lung zones
- Sinusitis (adult, acute)
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Sep-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Bacterial rhinosinusitis is more likely in patients with preceding cold, unilateral tender maxillary sinuses, maxillary toothache, and purulent nasal discharge. It is also more likely in patients with more severe symptoms, and possibl
- Sinusitis (adult, chronic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The clinical diagnosis of chronic sinusitis is imprecise. Computed tomography (CT) scan can be used to rule out chronic sinusitis but is not specific enough to effectively rule in chronic sinusitis. ENT evaluation and/or CT scan of
- Sinusitis (child)
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Feb-2023
Overall Bottom Line: In a child with a cold, consider rhinosinusitis when symptoms last beyond 10 days or when they are more severe than usual or worsen after several days of improvement. Suspect a complication if orbital or meningeal or neurological symp
- Sleep apnea
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Feb-2022
Overall Bottom Line: A diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) should be considered for any complaint of excessive daytime sleepiness. Attended polysomnography is the diagnostic gold standard for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A
- Sore throat and pharyngitis (child)
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Mar-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Most episodes of pharyngitis are due to viruses; approximately 20% to 30% are due to group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (GABHS). The evaluation for GABHS pharyngitis should include a focused history and physical examination, guide
- Tuberculosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Screen high-risk patients for tuberculosis (TB). If a screen for TB is positive, patient needs a chest X-ray, and if pulmonary TB is suspected, 3 induced sputums. Active TB should be treated with a 2-month initiation phase with 4
