Showing 61-74 of 74 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Cardiovascular 
- Sinus arrhythmia and sick sinus
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Sep-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Electrophysiologic (EP) studies are recommended for symptomatic patients in whom sinus node dysfunction (SND) is suspected but for whom a causal relationship has not been established. Permanent pacemaker is recommended in SND patien
- Splenic rupture
Essential Evidence Topics, 9-Dec-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Consider splenic rupture in any patient with persistent abdominal pain after blunt trauma. Bedside Focused Abdominal Sonogram for Trauma (FAST) examination is the best initial imaging study; if negative but suspicion still high for
- Sports preparticipation examination
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Young athletes should be evaluated for previous concussion and incompletely healed prior injury. All competitive athletes should undergo a cardiovascular evaluation that includes personal history of exertion-related symptoms; family
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: All patients with suspected subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), including those with mild symptoms after an otherwise typical thunderclap onset, should have an emergency CT scan without contrast interpreted by an expert. Screen individua
- Subclavian steal syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Sep-2020
Overall Bottom Line: A difference of more than 15 mm Hg blood pressure between arms suggests the presence of subclavian artery stenosis (SAS). Color Doppler ultrasound is the recommended initial test. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with subclav
- Superior vena cava syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Swelling of the face, distended neck veins, and chest wall veins are clinical features useful in the diagnosis of SVC syndrome. Chest CT with contrast confirms the diagnosis of SVC syndrome. SVC syndrome is a medical emergency onl
- Supraventricular tachycardia
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Oct-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) is rarely life-threatening and is an uncommon primary cause of hospitalization; an exception is SVT manifesting as a pre-excitation syndrome in sudden cardiac death (low incidence of 0.15%-0.39%).
- Syncope
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Initial evaluation should include a careful history and physical examination and an ECG. CNS imaging, echocardiogram, and Holter monitoring are not indicated for all patients and should be guided by specific findings of the history
- Thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease)
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Sep-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) is diagnosed clinically, typically in a young, male smoker with the characteristic presentation of distal extremity ischemia often affecting more than one limb and accompanied by migratory phlebitis an
- Thrombophlebitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jan-2020
Overall Bottom Line: The diagnosis of superficial thrombophlebitis (STP) is based on the history and the presence of inflammation that is localized over a superficial vein. Use the Wells criteria to identify patients at risk for deep vein thrombosis (DV
- Varicose veins
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: For patients with reflux demonstrated by handheld Doppler, or if venous insufficiency is otherwise suspected, evaluation by duplex imaging is indicated to determine the extent and origins of venous reflux. Compression stockings may
- Venous insufficiency
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) can be asymptomatic, or the clinical manifestations can include varicose veins, edema, skin changes, and venous ulceration. Duplex ultrasonography has replaced venography as the test of choice in e
- Venous stasis ulcer and stasis dermatitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 13-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider a diagnosis of venous leg ulcer (VLU) in patients presenting with a superficial, irregular, exudative ulcer of the gaiter area, with associated leg edema, varicosities and venous stasis changes. Obtain ankle-brachial index
- Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Jun-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome refers to the triad of short PR interval, delta waves on the ECG (pre-excitation), and tachyarrhythmias. Atrioventricular re-entry tachycardia represents 95% of re-entrant tachycardias occurring
