Showing 41-60 of 65 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Trauma and injuries 
- Hallucinogen poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Nov-2021
Bottom-line: Address the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation). Do not give ipecac or activated charcoal without recommendation from a poison center or emergency department. Acute intoxication is managed by minimizing stimulation and “talk down therapy”
- Heatstroke and hyperthermia
Essential Evidence Topics, 31-Dec-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Initiate cooling immediately in any patient suspected of heatstroke. Rapid recognition and treatment of heat stroke is essential to controlling morbidity and mortality. Consider other causes of pyrexia and mental status change in he
- Human bite
Essential Evidence Topics, 4-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Ask specifically if the wounds could have been caused by human teeth. The infection rate can be as high as 47% for human bite wounds that are not treated with antibiotics. Human bites on the hands or feet, overlying a joint capsul
- Intraocular foreign body
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: A high index of suspicion for intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is warranted for patients with a foreign body sensation associated with hammering, grinding, or other force-related mechanism. Refer most, if not all, patients with IOFB
- Iron toxicity
Essential Evidence Topics, 31-Dec-2021
OVERALL BOTTOM LINE: Most management recommendations are based on case reports, case series, or expert opinion. Children or adults ingesting less than 40 mg/kg can be observed at home. Experts recommend determining the amount of elemental iron ingeste
- Knee injury (ligamentous and meniscal)
Essential Evidence Topics, 3-Feb-2023
Overall Bottom Line: McMurray maneuver and joint line testing can be helpful in detecting meniscal injuries. Patients with meniscal injuries should be given a trial of nonsurgical treatment, because no randomized trials have compared surgical versus non
- Laceration repair (procedure)
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Oct-2022
Indications for Procedure: Primary closure of clean, well vascularized, full-thickness skin wound (e.g., head, face) should be performed less than 24 hours after injury. Primary closure of clean full thickness laceration to body and extremities should be
- Lead poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Take a thorough environmental history to assess risk. Pay special attention to the condition of current housing and to occupational exposures. Follow state and local regulations (which vary) regarding screening in children. Venous b
- Lightning injury
Essential Evidence Topics, 3-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Keep a high index of suspicion for lightning strike in any patient found unconscious in the open, especially following storm events. If loss of consciousness, treat with BLS or ACLS protocol. If cardiac or respiratory arrest has n
- Malignant hyperthermia
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Feb-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Malignant hyperthermia is a rare inherited disorder leading to a syndrome of hypermetabolism after exposure to volatile anesthetics agents or depolarizing muscle relaxants such as succinylcholine. Typical symptoms include muscular r
- Mercury poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Feb-2022
Bottom-line: Clinical symptoms depend on type of mercury exposure (elemental, inorganic, or organic); pulmonary, CNS, or renal systems are most likely to be affected by mercury poisoning. Chelation therapy is indicated in severe cases of mercury toxicit
- Methanol poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Apr-2023
Bottom-line: Methanol poisoning should be considered in every patient with severe metabolic acidosis and elevated anion and/or osmolar gaps. To avoid irreversible blindness, treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. IV fomepizole is the antid
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 is an autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome dominated by medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with high penetrance. It has several variants including familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC), MEN 2a
- Mushroom poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 14-Mar-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Mushroom poisoning produces a multitude of toxidromes depending on the mushroom species ingested. The first and best indicators of hepatic damage are an elevated AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum bilirubin. Glucose, f
- Organophosphate poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 26-Apr-2021
Bottom Line: Identification of poison, route of administration, and identifying amount of exposure is critical. General diagnostic testing such as lab work, imaging, or ECG should be guided by patient's severity and constellation of symptoms. Low leve
- Periodontal abscess
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Jan-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect dental abscess in a patient presenting with localized tooth pain and swelling. Usually, no laboratory work-ups or x-rays are required in the primary care setting. All patients with dental abscess should have definitive tre
- Poisoning and toxicity (general approach)
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jan-2022
BOTTOM LINE: The American Association of Poison Control Centers (AAPCC) has documented over 2 million toxic exposures annually for the past 10 years. Intentional exposures accounted for only 8% of the total exposures, but were responsible for 80% to 90% o
- Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Use 1 of several empirically validated brief posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screening scales such as the PC-PTSD to assist with case identification (). Use a longer PTSD symptom measure and clinical interview to confirm screen
- Rabies
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Mar-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Rabies infects only mammals and is most commonly transmitted by raccoons, skunks, bats, and foxes in the United States. Clinical diagnosis can be made in patients with encephalitis and a history of a bite from a known rabid animal. Su
- Smoke inhalation injury
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect smoke inhalation in patients with respiratory symptoms and in any patient found unconscious, found in a closed environment, or found with soot or burns in or near pharynx. Give high-flow oxygen at the scene and postexposure.
