Showing 41-60 of 106 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Infectious disease 
- Hepatitis B
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Feb-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Screen all pregnant women for hepatitis B during their first prenatal visit, and screen persons at high risk for HBV infection, including those born in a high-prevalence country, HIV-positive persons, injection drug users, household
- Hepatitis C
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Nov-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Recommend one-time screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in adults aged 18 to 79 years. All pregnant persons should be screened for HCV during each pregnancy. Offer periodic HCV screening to all persons with persistent ris
- Herpes simplex (oral)
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Consider the diagnosis of oral herpes simplex in patients presenting with recurrent, painful vesiculopustules, erosions, ulcers, and crust of the lips and oral cavity. Oral herpes simplex is a clinical diagnosis but in cases of unce
- Herpes simplex virus
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Nov-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) cell culture is the preferred diagnostic test for patients who present with recent-onset genital vesicles or ulcers. Serologic testing can provide guidance for patients who have a history consistent with her
- Herpes zoster (shingles)
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Sep-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Typically herpes zoster (HZ) is characterized by unilateral dermatomal pain and rash. Initiating treatment within 72 hours with appropriate antivirals will significantly decrease the incidence of acute pain but does not decrease the
- Histoplasmosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 15-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Infection with histoplasmosis is exceedingly rare outside of endemic areas. Typical symptoms are nonspecific and include fever, productive cough, malaise. Diagnosis can be accomplished by the use of urinary antigen testing, serolo
- HIV infection and AIDS
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Oct-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The United States Preventative Task Force (USPTF) recommends screening everyone with risk factors for contracting Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and anyone requesting HIV testing annually, and all adults and adolescents age 15 to
- Human papillomavirus infection
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Feb-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Human papilloma virus infection (HPV) is mostly sexually transmitted, causing cervical, anogenital and oropharyngeal disease in both males and females. There are approximately 150 genotypes of HPV identified consisting of both oncogen
- Incision and drainage of skin abscess (procedure)
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Oct-2022
Indications for Procedure: Drainage of a carbuncle, furuncle, and other skin abscess (a localized collection of purulence).
- Infectious mononucleosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Sep-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Obtain a white blood cell count with differential in patients between ages 10 and 30 years with sore throat, fever, and at least one of the following: significant anterior cervical adenopathy, fatigue, posterior cervical adenopathy, i
- Influenza
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Yearly influenza vaccination is recommended by ACIP (US) for persons over the age of 6 months. Patients classically present with rapid onset of fever, cough, chills or rigors, sore throat, and myalgias. A clinical decision rule can
- Leishmaniasis
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect cutaneous (CL), mucocutaneous (MCL) or mucosal (ML) leishmaniasis in patients with a history of a painless, non-healing skin, nasal, or oral lesion after exposure in an endemic region. Diagnosis is made by sampling affected ti
- Leptospirosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jun-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Leptospirosis is an acute febrile illness that can progress rapidly with severe sequelae. Since leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic disease widespread in animals, a high index of suspicion is needed in patients with a history sugg
- Listeriosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Aug-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Listeriosis is predominantly a food-borne illness. Pregnant and immunocompromised persons should avoid eating foods at high risk for transmitting Listeria, including soft cheeses, raw milk, and unheated processed meats. Consider lis
- Lyme disease
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Feb-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Look for tick-borne disease in patients with a flu-like illness "out of season". An erythema migrans rash in a patient from a Lyme disease endemic region is sufficient reason to begin empiric antibiotic treatment for Lyme disease.
- Lymphogranuloma venereum
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The causative agent of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) serovars L1, L2, or L3. Fever, malaise, and proctocolitis are the most common presentation of LGV. Among heterosexuals, tender inguinal or femoral ly
- Malaria
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Feb-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect malaria in a patient with fever, splenomegaly, and jaundice with recent travel (within several months) to an endemic area. Light microscopy of Giemsa-stained blood smears is the gold standard for diagnosis. Chemoprophylaxi
- Measles
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Mar-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Children should routinely be vaccinated against measles with two doses of MMR: first dose between 12 and 15 months and the second dose at 4 to 6 years or at least 28 days following the first dose. Adolescents and adults who have not
- Mediterranean spotted fever (Boutonneuse fever)
Essential Evidence Topics, 3-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect Mediterranean spotted fever (MSF) in travelers returning from endemic areas who present within two weeks of exposure with abrupt onset fever, headache, fatigue, myalgias, arthralgias, maculopapular or petechial rash of the pal
- Meningitis (adult)
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect meningitis in patients with fever, headache, neck stiffness, neurologic symptoms, and/or altered consciousness. It is very unlikely in persons without fever, altered mental status and neck stiffness. Obtain a CBC, blood cult
