Showing 41-54 of 54 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Endocrine and nutrition 
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia/adenomas, enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. Primary hyperpara
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 is an autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome dominated by medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with high penetrance. It has several variants including familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC), MEN 2a
- Nipple discharge
Essential Evidence Topics, 26-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Pathologic discharge and discharge associated with a palpable mass or mammographic abnormality is more likely to be malignant, as is discharge in postmenopausal women or in men. A careful breast examination, ultrasound, and mammogra
- Obesity and weight loss (adult)
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Dec-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Measure weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference and consider screening for thyroid disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. Combined intervention of behavioral therapy along with low-calorie diet (500-1000 kcal
- Obesity and weight loss (bariatric surgery)
Essential Evidence Topics, 18-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Bariatric surgery is an option for patients with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 40 or BMI greater than 35 in the presence of significant comorbidities. Bariatric surgical procedures produce more substantial weight loss in morb
- Obesity and weight loss (child and adolescent)
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Apr-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Calculate and plot body mass index (BMI) at all well child visits. Obesity in children and adolescents is defined as having a BMI at the 95th percentile or higher, and overweight is defined as having a BMI between the 85th and 94th
- Paraneoplastic syndromes
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Jul-2021
Bottom Line: Overall Suspect paraneoplastic syndromes in patients with cancer who have fatigue, weakness, myalgias, or electrolyte abnormalities that cannot be explained by their condition or treatment. If you suspect a paraneoplastic syndrome, screen f
- Pheochromocytoma
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Pheochromocytomas are rare chromaffin cell tumors typically arising in the adrenal glands. They are characterized by excessive production of catecholamines, often leading to elevated blood pressure and symptoms of catecholamine exce
- Porphyria
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect acute hepatic porphyrias in patients with episodic abdominal pain and neuro-psychiatric symptoms. Elevated excretion of porphyrins on 24 hour urine, supplemented by fecal and serum porphyrins, is the diagnostic tests of choi
- Rickets and osteomalacia
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Mar-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Consider rickets in the differential diagnosis of a child presenting with failure to thrive, developmental delay, and the bony abnormalities of bowing limbs, fractures, frontal bossing of the head, and widened joints. Consider osteo
- Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: If a patient presents with a serum sodium level of less than 135 mEq/L, serum osmolality of less than 275 mOsm/kg, and euvolemia consider SIADH as a possible diagnosis. Fluid restriction is first-line therapy. 31, 32 Hypertonic 3% s
- Thyroid cancer
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: A history and physical examination aimed at identifying any potential risk for malignancy should be performed in all patients with thyroid nodules. Conduct fine needle aspiration of thyroid nodules to rule out malignancy based on ul
- Thyroid nodule
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Nov-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Obtain a thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) test and high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) in the initial evaluation of a thyroid nodule. Ultrasound for thyroid nodule evaluation identifies nodules at risk of being malignant. The ACR TI-
- Thyroiditis
Essential Evidence Topics, 13-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: There is insufficient evidence to recommend screening non-pregnant asymptomatic adults for thyroid dysfunction (USPSTF I recommendation). When thyroiditis is clinically suspected, order thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and free T4
