Showing 481-500 of 803 for: Essential Evidence Topics Back
- Methanol poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Feb-2021
Bottom-line: Methanol poisoning should be considered in every patient with severe metabolic acidosis and elevated anion and/or osmolar gaps. To avoid irreversible blindness, treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. IV fomepizole is the antid
- Microscopic colitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Patients with microscopic colitis (including collagenous and lymphocytic colitis) present with chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, flatulence, urgency, and in some cases weight loss and incontinence. Diagnosis is by colonoscopic biops
- Milia
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Apr-2019
Overall Bottom Line:
- Miscarriage
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Miscarriage is common, occurring in 75% of women during their reproductive lives. Common presentations of miscarriage include vaginal bleeding, lack of fetal heart tones, and abdominal pain. Oral progesterone appears to be effecti
- Mitral insufficiency
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Physical examination is the best initial screening for mitral regurgitation (MR). Echocardiography is useful for diagnosing and monitoring the severity of MR (see ). Medical therapy is reserved for symptomatic patients only and is
- Mitral stenosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 31-May-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Most common symptoms are dyspnea, increasing fatigue, orthopnea, or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea. Perform echocardiography for the diagnosis of mitral stenosis (MS), for assessment of hemodynamic severity, and to determine suitabili
- Mitral valve prolapse
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Sep-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Current studies of mitral valve prolapse (MVP) prevalence (0.6% in adults aged 23-35 years) show substantial reductions from past surveys because of a change in diagnostic criteria. The most recent, and largest, meta-analysis on MVP
- Mixed connective tissue disorder
Essential Evidence Topics, 12-Feb-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect mixed connective tissue disorder (MCTD) in any patient, particularly a young woman, who presents with Raynaud's phenomenon and features of other connective tissue diseases. High-titer antiribonucleoprotein (also known as U1-
- Molluscum contagiosum
Essential Evidence Topics, 7-Mar-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Molluscum typically presents as single or multiple clusters of pearly dome-shaped, waxy-appearing papules 2-5 mm in diameter, often with central umbilication. Cheesy off-white material is easily expressed from lesions. Molluscum c
- Monoarticular arthritis (diagnostic approach)
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Patient history and physical exam guide the rational use of sequential laboratory and imaging studies for diagnosing monoarticular arthritis. Patients with a history of trauma or focal bone pain require radiographs of the affected joi
- Morton's neuroma
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Aug-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Patients with Morton's neuroma typically present with interdigital plantar foot pain that becomes worse with walking. They also have pain with pressure to the intermetatarsal space and may have a Mulder's click on exam. Diagnosis is
- Motion sickness
Essential Evidence Topics, 12-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Any combination of the following symptoms after exposure to motion stimulus (e.g., automobile, airplane, boat, space ship) strongly suggests motion sickness: nausea, vomiting, pallor, cold sweats, hypersalivation, hyperventilation, an
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 1
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Jul-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare autosomal dominant disorder with high penetrance characterized by parathyroid hyperplasia/adenomas, enteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, and pituitary adenomas. Primary hyperpara
- Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Apr-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 is an autosomal dominant neoplasia syndrome dominated by medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) with high penetrance. It has several variants including familial medullary thyroid cancer (FMTC), MEN 2a
- Multiple myeloma
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect multiple myeloma (MM) in patients with bone pain, especially if associated with back pain, fatigue, nerve compression, or recurrent bacterial infections. Patients diagnosed with MM should be evaluated for evidence of end-org
- Multiple sclerosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jul-2020
Overall Bottom Line: The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is made by establishing the occurrence of multiple episodes of neurologic dysfunction that are disseminated in time and location within the central nervous system (see ). Acute attacks (episo
- Mumps
Essential Evidence Topics, 13-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Physical examination typically reveals salivary gland pain and swelling, most often in the parotid gland, that may be unilateral or bilateral. Malaise, fever, and orchitis in males are common. Mumps is best prevented by vaccination;
- Muscular dystrophy
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-May-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Patients typically present with mild hypotonia at birth and delayed milestones; by the age of 5 years, greater proximal weakness than distal weakness is apparent. If Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is suspected, order creatine kinas
- Mushroom poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Sep-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Mushroom poisoning produces several different toxidromes depending on the mushroom species ingested. The first and best indicators of hepatic damage are an elevated AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum bilirubin. Glucose
- Myasthenia gravis
Essential Evidence Topics, 12-Aug-2019
Overall Bottom Line: No universally accepted and validated diagnostic criteria exist for myasthenia gravis (MG). The diagnosis is made when patients have fatigability and weakness of muscles and have abnormal diagnostic tests. Anticholinesterase drugs s
