Showing 401-420 of 803 for: Essential Evidence Topics Back
- Incontinence (male)
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Urinary incontinence in men is typically diagnosed by history; a micturation diary may aid in assessing severity. A urinalysis and post-void residual are recommended to rule out some reversible causes. Treat any underlying cause o
- Induction of labor
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Oct-2020
Bottom Line: Induction of labor is indicated when the health of the mother or fetus is at risk. The Bishop score is an effective cervical assessment tool to predict induction success. ACOG endorses either a ‘low-dose’ or ‘high-dose’ intravenous oxytocin
- Infectious mononucleosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Jul-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Obtain a white blood cell count with differential in patients between ages 10 and 30 years with sore throat, fever, and at least one of the following: significant anterior cervical adenopathy, fatigue, posterior cervical adenopathy, i
- Infertility (male)
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Apr-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Diagnostic evaluation of male infertility includes careful history, physical examination, semen analysis, and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone levels if earlier findings are abnormal. Se
- Infertility evaluation (female)
Essential Evidence Topics, 13-Jul-2020
Overall Bottom Line: If the patient is not ovulating, correct the cause if possible. Proceed with ovulation induction with letrozole, clomiphene, metformin, or both clomiphene and metformin. If unsuccessful, considero referalr for injectable hormonal th
- Influenza
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Yearly influenza vaccination is recommended by ACIP (US) for persons over the age of 6 months. Patients classically present with rapid onset of fever, cough, chills or rigors, sore throat, and myalgias. A clinical decision rule can
- Inguinal hernia
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Physical examination (groin pain/bulge with a palpable mass) is a reliable means to diagnose an inguinal hernia. Ultrasound or MRI imaging may be utilized to confirm the diagnosis but is usually not necessary. Open and laparoscopi
- Insomnia in adults
Essential Evidence Topics, 5-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Cognitive behavioral therapy is the recommended initial treatment for patients with chronic insomnia. Sedative hypnotics (zolpidem, ramelteon, zaleplon, eszopiclone, and suvorexant) are effective but also have adverse effects such a
- Insulinoma
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider insulinoma in patients who have an overnight fasting glucose level of less than 45 mg/dL (2.5 mmol/L) and symptoms of hypoglycemia that are relieved by glucose. Confirm diagnosis with serum insulin, proinsulin, high C-pepti
- Intellectual disabilities (adult)
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-Nov-2020
Overall Bottom Line: In caring for adults with intellectual disability (ID), assess their capacity for decision making using a tool adapted to the patient, consider their need for accommodations and supports, and identify with them a support person who ca
- Interstitial cystitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 15-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider "painful bladder syndrome" and interstitial cystitis (IC) in the patient with otherwise unexplained pelvic area pain, urinary frequency, and urgency. Confirm diagnosis with cystoscopy. Oral therapy with pentosan polysulfa
- Interstitial nephritis
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Apr-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Many patients with acute interstitial nephritis present only with an elevated BUN-to-creatinine ratio and vague or no symptoms. In a patient with suspected acute interstitial nephritis, withdrawal of offending medications is the fir
- Intracerebral hemorrhage
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Any patient with aphasia/focal neurological defect should be considered for stroke diagnosis. Urgent CT or MRI should be ordered to distinguish between ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Intracranial pressure (ICP) should be promptl
- Intraocular foreign body
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Sep-2019
Overall Bottom Line: A high index of suspicion for intraocular foreign body (IOFB) is warranted for patients with a foreign body sensation associated with hammering, grinding, or other force-related mechanism. Refer most, if not all, patients with IOFB
- Intrauterine growth restriction
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Feb-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Monitor all pregnancies for fetal growth. Evaluate pregnancies complicated by maternal disease, maternal risk factors, or concerning fetal growth by ultrasonography. Perform Doppler ultrasound assessment of umbilical artery wavefo
- Iritis and uveitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Feb-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Anterior uveitis usually presents as a unilateral, painful red eye with blurred vision, photophobia, and tearing. Rule out other more common causes of the painful red eye, including conjunctivitis, corneal abrasions and ulcers, and
- Iron toxicity
Essential Evidence Topics, 4-Feb-2021
OVERALL BOTTOM LINE: Most management recommendations are based on case reports, case series, or expert opinion. Children or adults ingesting less than 40 mg/kg can be observed at home. Experts recommend determining the amount of elemental iron ingeste
- Irritable bowel syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in patients with abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. It is primarily a clinical diagnosis. Laboratory and/or colonoscopy needs to be done only when alarm features are present or age over 5
- Jaundice
Essential Evidence Topics, 4-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Extrahepatic obstruction accounts for 40% of adult patients who present with jaundice as the primary symptom and 20% of those with new-onset jaundice. Ultrasound of the abdomen is the most appropriate initial study to evaluate patie
- Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Essential Evidence Topics, 4-Oct-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Children suspected of having juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) should be referred to a subspecialist (pediatric rheumatologist or orthopedist) as early as possible. Children with JIA are at risk for asymptomatic uveitis and should
