Showing 21-33 of 33 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Renal 
- Proteinuria
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Persistent proteinuria is a significant predictor of progressive renal disease and cardiovascular disease. Annual screening may be considered for adults at high risk of kidney disease (eg, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, syst
- Renal artery stenosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-Mar-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect renal artery stenosis (RAS) in patients with hypertension if it is diagnosed before age 30, uncontrolled on 3 or more medications in those over 55, and in patients with accelerated or malignant hypertension. Patients with su
- Renal cancer
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Feb-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Screening asymptomatic individuals is not recommended. Workup includes history and physical, laboratory tests, urinalysis, and imaging with abdominal/pelvic CT or MRI. Consider surgery, even in the setting of metastatic disease (s
- Renal cyst
Essential Evidence Topics, 31-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: A solitary renal cyst is a fluid filled lesion located within the renal parenchyma; most are benign and asymptomatic. An ultrasound showing a simple or minimally complex renal cyst requires no further evaluation. Further imaging s
- Renal stones
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Dec-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Acute onset of flank pain radiating to the groin combined with hematuria is highly indicative of nephrolithiasis. Multispecialty guidelines recommend ultrasound as the preferred initial study for most patients with suspected nephrol
- Rhabdomyolysis
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Early recognition of rhabdomyolysis is essential to prevent acute renal failure (ARF). The classic triad of rhabdomyolysis consists of myalgias, generalized weakness, and darkened urine; however, only 50% of patients present with th
- Toilet training
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-May-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Toilet training is a complex developmental process that requires a combination of physiologic, neurologic, and cognitive maturity to attain. The development of the readiness skills of toilet training occurs in a predictable sequence
- Urinary catheter management
Essential Evidence Topics, 15-Jul-2021
Indications: Urinary catheterization should be discouraged as a means of obtaining urine for culture or other diagnostic tests when the patient can voluntarily void or as a substitute for nursing care in the incontinent patient. Indications for short-term
- Urinary incontinence
Essential Evidence Topics, 9-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Use validated screening tools and the Resident Assessment Protocol to diagnose urinary incontinence (UI) in outpatient and nursing home settings, respectively. A careful history, a targeted physical examination, use of bladder diari
- Urinary retention
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Jul-2020
Overall Bottom Line: The best predictors of acute urinary retention (AUR) are a sensation of incomplete bladder emptying, weak urinary stream, having to void again after <2 hours, and use of adrenergic or anticholinergic medications. History and phys
- Urinary tract infection (adult)
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Mar-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Avoid unnecessary catheterization and remove a urinary catheter as soon as possible to decrease the incidence of UTI. The USPSTF recommends that all pregnant women be screened for and treated for asymptomatic bacteriuria in early pr
- Urinary tract infection (children)
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-May-2021
Overall Bottom Line: UTI is definitively diagnosed with urinalysis with evidence of infection (pyuria and/or bacteriuria) and >50,000 cfu/ml of a uropathogen cultured from a catheterized urine specimen or suprapubic aspiration for those unable to provi
- Vesicoureteral reflux
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Jan-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Grades I-III vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) resolve spontaneously at a rate of about 13% per year in the first 5 years and 3.5% per year thereafter; Grades IV-V VUR have a 5% yearly rate of resolution. Voiding cystourethrogram (VCUG), re
