- Giant cell arteritis
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider temporal arteritis (TA) in patients over age 50 years with jaw claudication, diplopia, or temporal artery physical findings. Do not delay treatment while waiting for results of temporal artery biopsy. Consider beginning t - Giardiasis
Essential Evidence Topics, 12-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Giardiasis is a protozoan infection that most commonly produces an acute or chronic diarrhea, but it may be asymptomatic. Microscopic identification of Giardia cysts or trophozoites is 90% sensitive if 3 stool samples are examined. - Gilbert disease
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Apr-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Gilbert’s is a hereditary disorder of unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in the absence of underlying liver disease. Bilirubin levels are usually 2 to 3 mg/dL and are rarely greater than 6 mg/dL. Patients may experience periodic, mil - Gingivitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Nonsurgical therapy is effective in reducing periodontal disease. Failure to monitor patients’ periodontal disease may lead to uncontrolled disease and tooth loss. Older patients are insensitive to temperature changes and other sy - Glaucoma
Essential Evidence Topics, 27-Jan-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Glaucoma is a chronic progressive disease diagnosed by elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in most patients, optic neuropathy, and glaucomatous visual field loss. Patients should be referred to ophthalmology if glaucoma is suspected. - Glomerulonephritis
Essential Evidence Topics, 7-May-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Glomerulonephritis (GN) is a group of uncommon and disparate diseases, usually immunologically mediated, with some common pathophysiologic and clinical features. Suspect GN with new-onset secondary hypertension, azotemia, hematuria - Glossitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 9-Sep-2017
Overall Bottom Line: Glossitis may be due to a primary disorder of the papillae of the tongue or may be a feature of underlying conditions ranging from benign to malignant. Candida is the most common condition causing glossitis. Many irritants can - Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-May-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in patients with acute non-immune hemolysis caused by drugs, oxidative stress or infection, as well as in infants with neonatal jaundice. Confirm diagnosis with a test of G - Goiter
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Jun-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Iodine deficiency remains the most common preventable cause of nontoxic multinodular goiter and adequate iodine intake is effective in decreasing its incidence. Clinical assessment and measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH - Gout
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-Nov-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Disorders and health habits that increase the uric acid pool (eg, obesity, alcohol use) increase a patient's risk of gout. A validated clinical decision rule can help rule in or rule out the diagnosis for many patients. Algorithms - Granuloma annulare
Essential Evidence Topics, 26-Feb-2019
Overall Bottom Line: - Growth hormone deficiency
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Jun-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider growth hormone deficiency (GHD) in adults who have a history of hypothalamic/pituitary disease, intracranial surgery, or irradiation, and in children who are more than 2 standard deviations (SDs) below average height for age. - Guillain-Barré syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Clinical diagnosis based on the pattern of rapidly evolving paralysis with areflexia, absence of constitutional symptoms, and characteristic antecedent events. Elevated CSF protein and normal WBC are typical, as are abnormalities in - Gynecomastia
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Oct-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Gynecomastia can be physiologic or pathological. Pathological gynecomastia has to be differentiated from physiological gynecomastia, which is very common among adolesent boys during puberty with the majority resolving within 1-3 years - Hallucinogen poisoning
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Feb-2020
Bottom-line: Address the ABCs (airway, breathing, circulation). Do not give ipecac or activated charcoal without recommendation from a poison center or emergency department. Acute intoxication is managed by minimizing stimulation and “talk down therapy” - Hand, foot, and mouth disease
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Dec-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an enteroviral infection characterized by typical oral lesions, fever, and rash. Consider HFMD in patients with a nonspecific prodrome, stomatitis, and vesicular rash involving the palms and s - Hansen's disease (leprosy)
Essential Evidence Topics, 6-Jan-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Leprosy is a leading cause of permanent physical disabilities due to communicable diseases. Household contacts should receive chemoprophylaxis with a single dose of rifampicin 600 mg. The diagnosis is clinical: definite loss of sen - Hantavirus infection
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Sep-2019
Overall Bottom Line: Hantaviruses are a group of viruses associated with a rodent reservoir. There are two main clinical syndromes: hantavirus cardiopulmonary syndrome (HCPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), encountered throughout the A - Headache (cluster)
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Restlessness, nasal congestion, rhinorrhea, and conjunctival injection make cluster headache (CH) more likely, while absence of the following: excruciating pain; unilateral pain; location of pain near eyes, temples or teeth; duration - Headache (diagnosis)
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Use validated clinical decision rules such as the POUND criteria, ICHD diagnostic criteria and Three-item Migraine Screener to differentiate the three main primary headaches. Use SNNOOP10 mnemonic for secondary causes of headache, a
Essential Evidence is a powerful, one-stop, state-of-the-art reference that includes best-evidence answers to your most important clinical questions concerning symptoms, diseases, and treatment. Its concise, highly structured content is tightly integrated and hyperlinked to thousands of calculators, articles, and evidence summaries within Essential Evidence Plus to make searching for answers quick and seamless. Each topic has a “strength of evidence” rating for every recommendation, a “Bottom-line” summary that introduces each section, and a broad array of helpful algorithms.
