Showing 281-300 of 807 for: Essential Evidence Topics Back
- Fracture (arm)
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-May-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Take note of history of direct blow to forearm, or a fall on an outstretched hand or directly on forearm. Get anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique x-rays for most suspected fractures. If neurovascular compromise is evident, refer
- Fracture (arm)
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-May-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Take note of history of direct blow to forearm, or a fall on an outstretched hand or directly on forearm. Get anteroposterior, lateral, and oblique x-rays for most suspected fractures. If neurovascular compromise is evident, refer
- Fracture (finger and hand trauma)
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: All finger and hand trauma require radiographic evaluation with posteroanterior, lateral, and oblique views. Treatment for distal phalanx extensor mechanism disruption (mallet finger) requires continuous splinting in extension for a
- Fracture (foot and toes)
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-Mar-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Always include evaluation and documentation of distal neurovascular status in the physical examination. Use Ottawa Foot Rules, to determine the need for foot films. If x-ray is warranted, obtain three-view foot series and/or dedic
- Fracture (leg)
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Apr-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Use Ottawa Knee Rules to decide whether radiographs are needed for knee injury. For all other parts of the leg consider radiographic imaging if there is significant bony tenderness, deformity on exam, and/or a concerning history for
- Fracture (rib)
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Order standard PA and lateral CXRs if rib fracture is suspected; order a skeletal survey for any child with rib fractures suspected to have been abused. Order a bone scan if radiographs are normal and the level of suspicion of rib f
- Fracture (vertebral compression)
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Plain X-rays are recommended for acute back pain in patients older than 50 years, those with pain for longer than 1 month, or those with a history of malignancy, corticosteroid use, unexplained weight loss, or previous vertebral compr
- Fracture (wrist in adults)
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Feb-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The mechanism of injury and the area of the wrist that is painful, discolored, swollen, deformed, or tender correlate well with the specific bones of the wrist that have been fractured. In a patient with wrist trauma, initial imagin
- Fracture (wrist in child)
Essential Evidence Topics, 20-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: The Amsterdam Pediatric Wrist Rule can be used to determine if further evaluation for a wrist fracture is indicated. The majority of wrist fractures are treated conservatively, with closed reduction and casting or splinting. The pro
- Fragile X syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jun-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Fragile X is the most commonly inherited form of mental retardation. The most common neurobehavioral manifestation is autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which is present in 51% to 67% of males. Genetic testing is recommended for any
- Friedreich ataxia
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Friedreich ataxia typically presents as ataxia in patients aged 5 to 15 years. Genetic testing for the frataxin gene is the reference standard test. Riluzole probably improves ataxia symptoms at 12 months. Idebenone may prevent c
- Frostbite and cold injury
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: To prevent injury, be aware of adverse weather, designate one team member to monitor other team members or use buddy system, dress and act appropriately in cold conditions. Classify frostbite based on superficial appearance and symp
- Functional dyspepsia
Essential Evidence Topics, 19-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a multifactorial constellation of symptoms and is not a disease entity itself. The etiology of the symptoms is poorly understood. Patients over age 60 years with new onset dyspepsia and patients at increa
- Fungal skin infections
Essential Evidence Topics, 21-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Tinea corporis, cruris, and pedis are diagnosed by typical historical and physical findings. The diagnosis is confirmed by KOH preparation and/or fungal culture. Topical medications should be the first line of treatment. Topical ter
- Ganglion cyst
Essential Evidence Topics, 17-May-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Palmar wrist ganglions present as swellings on the palmar radial aspect of the wrist adjacent to the radial artery, and on the dorsal wrist. Examination reveals a firm, usually nontender cyst that feels like a small marble under the
- Gangrene
Essential Evidence Topics, 14-Jan-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Differentiate dry, wet, and gas gangrene using physical exam signs such as focal edema, discoloration, odor, numbness, and texture. Obtain a WBC count and wound culture for aerobic and anaerobic organisms to determine infectious eti
- Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Essential Evidence Topics, 9-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Classic symptoms of heartburn and acid regurgitation help establish their diagnosis, but their absence does not rule it out. Endoscopy is recommended for patients with alarm symptoms, onset over age 50, or prolonged severe symptoms.
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (lower)
Essential Evidence Topics, 25-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Diverticulosis is by far the most common cause of lower GI bleeding. Assess the patient's hemodynamic status and initiate resuscitation if needed at the time of initial evaluation and assessment. Perform upper GI endoscopy to rule
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (upper, nonvariceal)
Essential Evidence Topics, 18-Apr-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Consider omeprazole or another proton pump inhibitor reduce bleeding risk for patients at risk of ulcer who are taking NSAIDs long term. Endoscopy is the recommended initial study for diagnosis and treatment of upper GI bleeding (UG
- Gastrointestinal hemorrhage (upper, variceal)
Essential Evidence Topics, 29-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension but no variceal hemorrhage should undergo screening EGD and treatment with beta-blocker if large varices are found. Endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL) as prophylaxis should be reserv
