Showing 1-20 of 41 for: Essential Evidence Topics > Hematologic 
- Anemia (aplastic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Nov-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Patients typically present with vague or diffuse symptoms such as bleeding, shortness of breath, and generalized weakness. Confirm diagnosis with CBC, peripheral smear, and bone marrow biopsy. Hematopoietic cell transplantation (H
- Anemia (autoimmune hemolytic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect hemolysis in someone with weakness (88%), fever (37%), jaundice (21%), dyspnea, (9%), heart failure (5%), or pallor (4%). If hemolysis is suspected, order CBC with peripheral blood smear to view red blood cell mophology. Ord
- Anemia (diagnostic approach)
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Jan-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Screen high-risk infants (preterm or small-for-gestational age, started on cow's milk before age 1 year, or consuming greater than 24 ounces of milk per day) for iron-deficiency anemia. Serum ferritin is the best test for iron-defic
- Anemia (iron deficiency)
Essential Evidence Topics, 2-Mar-2023
Overall Bottom Line: While many organizations recommend screening asymptomatic pregnant women for iron deficiency anemia, the USPSTF reports insufficient evidence. High-risk infants in the age groups 6 to 12 months should receive iron supplementation, b
- Anemia (megaloblastic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: In patients with anemia and macrocytosis, order B12 and folate levels. If B12 is indeterminate, order methylmalonic acid and homocysteine levels. Oral folate or oral or intramuscular (IM) B12 supplementation is effective in revers
- Anticoagulation management
Essential Evidence Topics, 28-Mar-2023
Background: OVERALL BOTTOM LINE Per ACC/AHA guidelines, for patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) with a CHA2DS2VASc score of 2 or greater in men and 3 or greater in women, oral anticoagulation with warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, apixa
- Candidiasis (systemic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Mar-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect systemic candidiasis in hospitalized (especially ICU) patients who fail to respond to antibiotic therapy. Antifungal therapy is appropriate in neutropenic patient with persistant fever for 4 to 7 days despite appropriate sys
- Coma
Essential Evidence Topics, 23-Jul-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Oxygenation via simple airway manouvers followed by early intubation and ventilation is imperative for coma due to traumatic brain injury. Intubation should also be considered in all other causes of coma. Mechanically ventilated pat
- Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas: mycosis fungoides and Sézary syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 24-Jun-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in patients with persistent skin rash in the form of patches, plaques, or erythroderma, which may be localized or widespread. Patients frequently have been previously (incorrectly) diagnosed wi
- Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Aug-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Most common signs and symptoms are evidence of both internal and external bleeding, ecchymoses, and thrombosis. Monitor serial PT, PTT, platelet count, fibrinogen, fibrinogen degradation products (FDP), d-dimer. In patients with a
- Glossitis
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Sep-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Glossitis may be due to a primary disorder of the papillae of the tongue or may be a feature of underlying conditions ranging from benign to malignant. Candida is the most common condition causing glossitis. Many irritants can be
- Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
Essential Evidence Topics, 22-May-2020
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency in patients with acute non-immune hemolysis caused by drugs, oxidative stress or infection, as well as in infants with neonatal jaundice. Confirm diagnosis with a test of G
- HELLP syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Oct-2021
Overall Bottom Line: In any pregnant woman >20 weeks gestation with hypertension, obtain hemoglobin, hematocrit, platelets, AST, ALT, LDH, creatinine, 24-hour urine for protein and uric acid, as well as a complete fetal ultrasound and NST to evaluate f
- Hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn
Essential Evidence Topics, 11-Apr-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Screen all pregnant women by checking blood type, RhD status, and antibody screen at the first prenatal visit. Administer 300 μg of RhD immunoglobulin to all unsensitized RhD-negative women at 24 to 28 weeks’ gestation, after any po
- Hemolytic uremic syndrome
Essential Evidence Topics, 26-Dec-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) in patients with hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, and renal failure. If HUS is suspected, evaluate for antecedent infection by Shiga toxin-producing organisms or invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Hemophilia
Essential Evidence Topics, 10-Aug-2022
Overall Bottom Line: Approximately 80% of patients with hemophilia present with hemarthroses. All patients with hemophilia treated with clotting factor concentrate prior to 1985 should be screened for hepatitis B, hepatitis C and HIV infections. Patie
- Hemorrhagic fevers
Essential Evidence Topics, 16-Jan-2023
Overall Bottom Line: Isolate any traveler with acute febrile illness and hemorrhagic manifestations who is returning from an endemic area and obtain blood for virus isolation and serology. Administer ribavirin to patients with severe hemorrhagic fever u
- Hereditary spherocytosis
Essential Evidence Topics, 1-Feb-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Although most patients with mild disease are asymptomatic, those with severe disease have significant anemia, jaundice, splenomegaly, and an increased risk of pigment gallstones. Hereditary spherocytosis (HS) may be diagnosed on the
- Immune thrombocytopenia purpura
Essential Evidence Topics, 8-Jul-2022
Overall Bottom Line: If the history, physical examination, initial blood counts, and peripheral blood smear (PBS) are consistent with the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) and do not include atypical findings, additional diagnostic work-u
- Leukemia (acute lymphoblastic)
Essential Evidence Topics, 30-Jun-2021
Overall Bottom Line: Suspect acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in patients with symptoms and signs related to cytopenias. Initial diagnostic testing should include CBC, chemistries, coagulation studies, and bone marrow with cytochemistry and immunophen
