- Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2017
Cardiotocography (CTG) records changes in the fetal heart rate and their temporal relationship to uterine contractions. The aim is to identify babies who may be short of oxygen (hypoxic) to guide additional assessments of fetal wellbeing, or determine if - Continuous chest compression versus interrupted chest compression for cardiopulmonary resuscitation of non‐asphyxial out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Mar-2017
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of death worldwide. Cardiac arrest can be subdivided into asphyxial and non asphyxial etiologies. An asphyxia arrest is caused by lack of oxygen in the blood and occurs in drowning and choking victims - Continuous electronic heart rate monitoring for fetal assessment during labor
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Sep-2008
Electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) is used in the management of labor and delivery in nearly three of four pregnancies in the United States. The apparent contradiction between the widespread use of EFM and expert recommendations to limit routine use indica - Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) for the anaemia of chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2017
Continuous erythropoiesis receptor activator (CERA) is a newer, longer acting ESA which might be preferred to other ESAs (epoetin or darbepoetin) based on its lower frequency of administration. Different dosing requirements and molecular characteristics o - Continuous glucose monitoring for the prevention of morbidity and mortality in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2021
Preterm infants are susceptible to hyperglycaemia and hypoglycaemia, which may lead to adverse neurodevelopment. The use of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) devices might help in keeping glucose levels in the normal range, and reduce the need for blood - Continuous glucose monitoring systems for monitoring cystic fibrosis‐related diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Nov-2021
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most common life-shortening autosomal-recessive genetic conditions with around 100,000 people affected globally. CF mainly affects the respiratory system, but cystic fibrosis-related diabetes (CFRD) is a common extrapulm - Continuous glucose monitoring systems for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Self-monitoring of blood glucose is essential to optimise glycaemic control in type 1 diabetes mellitus. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems measure interstitial fluid glucose levels to provide semi-continuous information about glucose levels, whi - Continuous heparin infusion to prevent thrombosis and catheter occlusion in neonates with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2011
Complications associated with peripherally placed percutaneous central venous catheters (PCVC) in neonates include catheter thrombosis, occlusion or dislodgement and infection. Strategies to prevent catheter thrombosis and occlusion include the use of hep - Continuous infusion versus bolus injection of loop diuretics in congestive heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Loop diuretics, when given as intermittent bolus injections in acutely decompensated heart failure, may cause fluctuations in intravascular volume, increased toxicity and development of tolerance. Continuous infusion has been proposed to avoid these compl - Continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses of indomethacin for patent ductus arteriosus closure in symptomatic preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Indomethacin is a prostaglandin inhibitor used for the prevention and the treatment of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Potential adverse effects of indomethacin use in premature infants include reduction in cerebral, mesenteric and renal blood flow and pl - Continuous infusion versus intermittent flushing to prevent loss of function of peripheral intravenous catheters used for drug administration in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
The use of peripheral intravenous cannulae is common in newborn babies. Many of them require an intravenous line only for medications and not for fluid. Currently there is little uniformity in methods used to maintain cannula patency. - Continuous interscalene brachial plexus block versus parenteral analgesia for postoperative pain relief after major shoulder surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
Postoperative pain may lead to adverse effects on the body, which might result in an increase in morbidity. Its management therefore poses a unique challenge for the clinician. Major shoulder surgery is associated with severe postoperative pain, and diffe - Continuous intravenous perioperative lidocaine infusion for postoperative pain and recovery in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2018
The management of postoperative pain and recovery is still unsatisfactory in a number of cases in clinical practice. Opioids used for postoperative analgesia are frequently associated with adverse effects, including nausea and constipation, preventing smo - Continuous local anaesthetic wound infusion for postoperative pain after midline laparotomy for colorectal resection in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2019
Colorectal resection through a midline laparotomy is a commonly performed surgical procedure to treat various bowel conditions. The typical postoperative hospital stay after this operation is 6 to 10 days. The main factors hindering early recovery and dis - Continuous nasogastric milk feeding versus intermittent bolus milk feeding for preterm infants less than 1500 grams
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2021
Milk feedings can be given via nasogastric tube either intermittently, typically over 10 to 20 minutes every two or three hours, or continuously, using an infusion pump. Although the theoretical benefits and risks of each method have been proposed, their - Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure or continuous positive airway pressure compared to conventional ventilation for acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2013
Acute hypoxaemic respiratory failure (AHRF) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity in children. Positive pressure ventilation is currently the standard care, however, it does have complications. Continuous negative extrathoracic pressure (CNEP) - Continuous or extended cycle vs. cyclic use of combined hormonal contraceptives for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2014
The avoidance of menstruation through continuous or extended (greater than 28 days) administration of combination hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) has gained legitimacy through its use in treating endometriosis, dysmenorrhea, and menstruation-associated sym - Continuous passive motion following total knee arthroplasty in people with arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2014
Arthritis of the knee is a common problem causing pain and disability. If severe, knee arthritis can be surgically managed with a total knee arthroplasty. Rehabilitation following knee arthroplasty often includes continuous passive motion (CPM). CPM is ap - Continuous passive motion for preventing venous thromboembolism after total knee arthroplasty
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jul-2014
Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common form of orthopaedic surgery. Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which consists of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major and potentially fatal complication after TKA. The incidence of DVT - Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) during the postoperative period for prevention of postoperative morbidity and mortality following major abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2014
Major abdominal surgery can be associated with a number of serious complications that may impair patient recovery. In particular, postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs), including respiratory complications such as atelectasis and pneumonia, are a ma
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