- Concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy for cancer of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
The National Cancer Institute (USA) alert in February 1999 stated that concomitant chemoradiotherapy should be considered for all patients with cervical cancer, based on evidence from five randomised controlled trials (RCTs). - Concomitant hydroxyurea plus radiotherapy versus radiotherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
A number of randomised studies suggest hydroxyurea given alongside radiotherapy improves survival in patients with locally advanced cervix cancer. Following publication of five large randomised trials in 1999 and 2000 concomitant chemoradiotherapy has bec - Concomitant hyperthermia and radiation therapy for treating locally advanced rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2009
Surgery has been the treatment of choice for patients with rectal cancer. For locally advanced cancer results were poor, with high rates of locoregional recurrences and poor overall survival data. Adding (chemo)radiotherapy upfront improved results mainly - Concurrent chemoradiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2010
This is an updated version of the original review published in Issue 4, 2004. The use of concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) might be seen as a way of increasing the effectiveness of radical radiotherapy at the s - Condom effectiveness in reducing heterosexual HIV transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
The amount of protection that condoms provide for HIV and other sexually transmitted infections is unknown. Cohort studies of sexually active HIV serodiscordant couples with follow-up of the seronegative partner, provide a situation in which a seronegativ - Condylocephalic nails versus extramedullary implants for extracapsular hip fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-1998
Two types of implants used for the surgical fixation of extracapsular hip fractures are condylocephalic nails (intramedullary nails that are inserted up through the femoral canal from above the knee and across the fracture) and extramedullary implants. - Conjugate Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2018
People affected with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at high risk of infection from Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Before the implementation of Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccination in high-income countries, this was responsible for a hi - Conjugate vaccines for preventing Haemophilus influenzae type B infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2009
Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) is an important cause of meningitis and pneumonia in children. Vaccine cost is a significant barrier to use in low income countries. Determining the size of the effects of the vaccine will enable cost-effectiveness c - Conjunctival autograft for pterygium
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2016
A pterygium is a fleshy, wing-shaped growth from the conjunctiva, crossing over the limbus onto the cornea. Prevalence ranges widely around the world. Evidence suggests that ultraviolet light is a major contributor in the formation of pterygia. Pterygia i - Conservative interventions for preventing clinically detectable upper-limb lymphoedema in patients who are at risk of developing lymphoedema after breast cancer therapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2015
Breast cancer-related lymphoedema can be a debilitating long-term sequela of breast cancer treatment. Several studies have investigated the effectiveness of different treatment strategies to reduce the risk of breast cancer-related lymphoedema. - Conservative interventions for treating diaphyseal fractures of the forearm bones in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2013
Diaphyseal forearm fractures in children are common injuries, the vast majority of which are treated conservatively. There is a need to assess the role of modifiable factors such as techniques of reduction and casting in order to optimise functional recov - Conservative interventions for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem particularly in elderly white women with osteoporosis. - Conservative interventions for treating exercise-related musculotendinous, ligamentous and osseous groin pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-May-2013
Musculoskeletal, ligamentous and osseous groin injuries are common in athletes and may result in a delay of several months to resume sports. Even then, this may not be at the former level of sport activity. The treatment of exercise-related groin pain is - Conservative interventions for treating functional daytime urinary incontinence in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Sep-2019
In children, functional daytime urinary incontinence is the term used to describe any leakage of urine while awake that is not the result of a known underlying neurological or congenital anatomic cause (such as conditions or injuries that affect the nerve - Conservative interventions for treating hyperextension injuries of the proximal interphalangeal joints of the fingers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2013
Immobilisation and early motion (protected or unrestricted) are both used following hyperextension injuries to the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of the finger. - Conservative interventions for treating middle third clavicle fractures in adolescents and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Dec-2016
Clavicle (collarbone) fractures account for around 4% of all fractures. Most (76%) clavicle fractures involve the middle-third section of the clavicle. Treatment of these fractures is usually non-surgical (conservative). Commonly used treatments are arm s - Conservative interventions for treating work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2013
Work-related upper limb disorder (WRULD), repetitive strain injury (RSI), occupational overuse syndrome (OOS) and work-related complaints of the arm, neck or shoulder (CANS) are the most frequently used umbrella terms for disorders that develop as a resul - Conservative management following closed reduction of traumatic anterior dislocation of the shoulder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-May-2019
Acute anterior shoulder dislocation, which is the most common type of dislocation, usually results from an injury. Subsequently, the shoulder is less stable and is more susceptible to re-dislocation or recurrent instability (e.g. subluxation), especially - Conservative management for postprostatectomy urinary incontinence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2015
Urinary incontinence is common after radical prostatectomy and can also occur in some circumstances after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). Conservative management includes pelvic floor muscle training with or without biofeedback, electrical - Conservative management of oesophageal soft food bolus impaction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2020
Impaction of a soft food bolus in the oesophagus causes dysphagia and regurgitation. If the bolus does not pass spontaneously, then the patient is at risk of aspiration, dehydration, perforation, and death. Definitive management is with endoscopic interve
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