- Clonidine for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Clonidine was originally used to lower blood pressure. It acts on the central nervous system and may reduce withdrawal symptoms in various addictive behaviours, including tobacco use. - Clonidine premedication for postoperative analgesia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2014
Postoperative pain remains a significant problem following paediatric surgery. Premedication with a suitable agent may improve its management. Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist which has sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. It may there - Clopidogrel plus aspirin versus aspirin alone for preventing cardiovascular events
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Dec-2017
Aspirin is the prophylactic antiplatelet drug of choice for people with cardiovascular disease. Adding a second antiplatelet drug to aspirin may produce additional benefit for people at high risk and people with established cardiovascular disease. This is - Closed reduction methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem. Displaced fractures are usually reduced using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation. The resulting position is then stabilised, typical - Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Closed suction drainage systems are frequently used to drain fluids, particularly blood, from surgical wounds. The aim of these systems is to reduce the occurrence of wound haematomas and infection. - Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2018
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication in ventilated patients. Endotracheal suctioning is a procedure that may constitute a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia. It can be performed with an open system or with a closed system. - Closed‐system drug‐transfer devices plus safe handling of hazardous drugs versus safe handling alone for reducing exposure to infusional hazardous drugs in healthcare staff
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2019
Occupational exposure to hazardous drugs can decrease fertility and result in miscarriages, stillbirths, and cancers in healthcare staff. Several recommended practices aim to reduce this exposure, including protective clothing, gloves, and biological safe - Closure methods for laparotomy incisions for preventing incisional hernias and other wound complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2017
Surgeons who perform laparotomy have a number of decisions to make regarding abdominal closure. Material and size of potential suture types varies widely. In addition, surgeons can choose to close the incision in anatomic layers or mass ('en masse'), as w - Closure methods of the appendix stump for complications during laparoscopic appendectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2017
Laparoscopic appendectomy is amongst the most common general surgical procedures performed in the developed world. Arguably, the most critical part of this procedure is effective closure of the appendix stump to prevent catastrophic intra-abdominal compli - Closure versus medical therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2015
The optimal therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in people with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has not been defined. The choice between medical therapy (antithrombotic treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants) and transca - Closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum at caesarean section: short- and long-term outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2014
Caesarean section is a very common surgical procedure worldwide. Suturing the peritoneal layers at caesarean section may or may not confer benefit, hence the need to evaluate whether this step should be omitted or routinely performed. - Clotiapine for acute psychotic illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2012
Acute psychotic illnesses, especially when associated with agitated or violent behaviour, require urgent pharmacological tranquillisation or sedation. Clotiapine, a dibenzothiazepine neuroleptic, is being used for this purpose in several countries. - Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2011
The hallmark of severe hemophilia is recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues with progressive joint damage, notwithstanding on-demand treatment. Prophylaxis has long been used but not universally adopted because of medical, psychosocial, and cost - Clozapine combined with different antipsychotic drugs for treatment‐resistant schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2017
Between 40% and 70% of people with treatment-resistant schizophrenia do not respond to clozapine, despite adequate blood levels. For these people, a number of treatment strategies have emerged, including the prescription of a second anti-psychotic drug in - Clozapine dose for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2017
Schizophrenia and related disorders such as schizophreniform and schizoaffective disorder are serious mental illnesses characterised by profound disruptions in thinking and speech, emotional processes, behaviour and sense of self. Clozapine is useful in t - Clozapine for psychotic disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2015
Psychosis is three times more common in people with an intellectual disability than in those without an intellectual disability. A low intelligence quotient (IQ) is a defining characteristic for intellectual disability and a risk factor for poor outcome i - Clozapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic demonstrated to be superior in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia which causes fewer movement disorders. Clozapine, however, entails a significant risk of serious blood disorders such as agranulocytosis which - Clozapine versus typical neuroleptic medication for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2009
Long-term drug treatment of schizophrenia with typical antipsychotic drugs has limitations: 25 to 33% of sufferers have illnesses that are treatment resistant. Clozapine is an antipsychotic drug, which is claimed to have superior efficacy and to cause few - Coasting (withholding gonadotrophins) for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2017
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic and potentially life threatening condition resulting from excessive ovarian stimulation. Reported incidence of moderate to severe OHSS ranges from 0.6% to 5% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. - Co‐bedding in neonatal nursery for promoting growth and neurodevelopment in stable preterm twins
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2017
The increased birth rate of twins during recent decades and the improved prognosis of preterm infants have resulted in the need to explore measures that could optimize their growth and neurodevelopmental outcomes. It has been postulated that co-bedding si
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