- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
There is no consensus regarding whether the peritoneum should be closed or left open during non-obstetric operations involving laparotomy. Neither is there consensus about the method of closure of the peritoneum (continuous suture versus interrupted sutur - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Screening programmes can potentially identify people at high cardiovascular risk and reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. However, there is currently not enough evidence showing clear clinical or economic benefits of systematic scr - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Having nurses take on tasks that are typically conducted by doctors (doctor-nurse substitution, a form of 'task-shifting') may help to address doctor shortages and reduce doctors' workload and human resource costs. A Cochrane Review of effectiveness studi - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Lay health workers (LHWs) perform functions related to healthcare delivery, receive some level of training, but have no formal professional or paraprofessional certificate or tertiary education degree. They provide care for a range of issues, including ma - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Face-to-face interventions for promoting physical activity (PA) are continuing to be popular as remote and web 2.0 approaches rapidly emerge, but we are unsure which approach is more effective at achieving long term sustained change. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Current standard treatment for patients with cervical cancer who have locally advanced stage disease (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIB to IVA) is concurrent chemoradiation therapy (CCRT). However, less than two-thirds - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Cleft lip and palate is one of the most common birth defects and can cause difficulties with feeding, speech and hearing, as well as psychosocial problems. Treatment of orofacial clefts is prolonged; it typically commences after birth and lasts until the - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Specific treatments for influenza are limited to neuraminidase inhibitors and adamantanes. Corticosteroids show evidence of benefit in sepsis and related conditions, most likely due to their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Although comm - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse health outcomes for mothers and their infants both perinatally and long term. Women with a history of GDM are at risk of recurrence in subsequent pregnancies and may benefit from intervention - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Schizophrenia is frequently a chronic and disabling illness with a heterogeneous range of symptoms. The positive symptoms usually respond to antipsychotics but the cognitive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia are difficult to treat with conventional a - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common cause of death, accounting for 50,000 to 200,000 deaths annually. It is the third most common cause of mortality among the cardiovascular diseases, after coronary artery disease and stroke. The advent of multi-det - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
The use of etomidate for emergency airway interventions in critically ill patients is very common. In one large registry trial, etomidate was the most commonly used agent for this indication. Etomidate is known to suppress adrenal gland function, but it r - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Methotrexate is considered the preferred disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drug (DMARD) for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, but controversy exists on the additional benefits and harms of combining methotrexate with other DMARDs. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic relapsing inflammatory condition and maintenance of remission is a major issue as many patients fail to achieve remission with medical management and require surgical interventions. Purine analogues such as azathioprine ( - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Epilepsy is a serious brain disorder characterized by recurrent unprovoked seizures. Approximately two-thirds of seizures can be controlled with antiepileptic medications (Kwan 2000). For some of the others, surgery can completely eliminate or significant - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Accumulating evidence suggests an association between prenatal exposure to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and increased risk of both physical anomalies and neurodevelopmental impairment. Neurodevelopmental impairment is characterised by either a specific defi - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Initial resuscitation with air is well tolerated by most infants born at term. However, the optimal fractional inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2 - proportion of the breathed air that is oxygen) targeted to oxygen saturation (SpO2 - an estimate of the am - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Pregnant women with sickle cell disease (HbSS, HbSC and HbSßThal) may require blood transfusion to prevent severe anaemia or to manage potential medical complications. Preventive blood transfusion in the absence of complications starting from the early we - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a form of life support that targets the heart and lungs. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe respiratory failure accesses and returns blood from the venous system and provides non-pulmonary gas exch - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Children with severe global developmental delay (SGDD) have significant intellectual disability and severe motor impairment; they are extremely limited in their functional movement and are dependent upon others for all activities of daily living. SGDD doe
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