- Bypass surgery for chronic lower limb ischaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Mar-2017
Bypass surgery is one of the mainstay treatments for patients with critical lower limb ischaemia (CLI). This is the second update of the review first published in 2000. - Bypassing agent prophylaxis in people with hemophilia A or B with inhibitors
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Mar-2020
People with hemophilia A or B with inhibitors are at high risk of bleeding complications. Infusion of bypassing agents, such as recombinant activated FVII (rFVIIa) and plasma-derived activated prothrombin complex concentrate, are suggested as alternative - Cabergoline for levodopa‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2015
Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopamine agonists can - Cabergoline versus bromocriptine for levodopa‐induced complications in Parkinson's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2015
Long term levodopa therapy in Parkinson's disease is associated with the development of motor complications including abnormal involuntary movements and a shortening response to each dose (wearing off phenomenon). It is thought that dopamine agonists can - Caesarean delivery for the second twin
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2011
The optimal mode of birth for a second twin in breech position is controversial, with support for both caesarean and vaginal birth. - Caesarean section for non‐medical reasons at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Feb-2012
Caesarean section rates are progressively rising in many parts of the world. One suggested reason is increasing requests by women for caesarean section in the absence of clear medical indications, such as placenta praevia, HIV infection, contracted pelvis - Caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preterm birth in singletons
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2013
Planned caesarean delivery for women thought be in preterm labour may be protective for baby, but could also be quite traumatic for both mother and baby. The optimal mode of delivery of preterm babies for both cephalic and breech presentation remains, the - Caesarean section versus vaginal delivery for preventing mother to infant hepatitis C virus transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2010
Observational studies have generally not provided evidence that delivery by caesarean section reduces perinatal hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission. However, these studies have methodological weaknesses with potential for bias and their findings should b - Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant for acute pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-May-2019
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3, 2012. Caffeine has been added to common analgesics such as paracetamol, ibuprofen, and aspirin, in the belief that it enhances analgesic efficacy. Evidence to support this be - Caffeine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Caffeine has a variety of pharmacological effects; it is a weak bronchodilator and it also reduces respiratory muscle fatigue. It is chemically related to the drug theophylline which is used to treat asthma. It has been suggested that caffeine may reduce - Caffeine for the prevention of injuries and errors in shift workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Apr-2010
Sleepiness leads to a deterioration in performance and attention, and is associated with an increased risk of injury. Jet lag and shift work disorder are circadian rhythm sleep disorders which result in sleepiness and can elevate injury risk. They create - Caffeine versus theophylline for apnea in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants, particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive p - Calcimimetics for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Dec-2014
Calcimimetic agents lower abnormal serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in people who have chronic kidney disease (CKD), but the benefits and harms on patient-level outcomes are uncertain. Since this review was first published in 2006 showing that evide - Calcineurin inhibitor minimisation versus continuation of calcineurin inhibitor treatment for liver transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2012
The therapeutic success of liver transplantation has been largely attributable to the development of effective immunosuppressive treatment regimens. In particular, calcineurin inhibitors were essential in reducing acute rejection and improving early survi - Calcineurin inhibitor withdrawal or tapering for kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2017
Calcineurin inhibitors (CNI) can reduce acute transplant rejection and immediate graft loss but are associated with significant adverse effects such as hypertension and nephrotoxicity which may contribute to chronic rejection. CNI toxicity has led to nume - Calcitonin for metastatic bone pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Pain is the most frequent symptom experienced by cancer patients, its intensity dependent on the site of the tumour. Tumours that compromise bone or nervous structures due to the bone destruction process are the most painful. There are several treatments - Calcitonin for preventing and treating corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-May-2010
Corticosteroid-induced osteoporosis is a cause of morbidity in patients with chronic obstructive lung disease, asthma, and rheumatologic disorders. Corticosteroid treatment causes bone loss by a variety of complex mechanisms. It has been shown that bone m - Calcitonin testing for detection of medullary thyroid cancer in people with thyroid nodules
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Mar-2020
Thyroid nodules are very common in general medical practice, but rarely turn out to be a medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC). Calcitonin is a sensitive tumour marker for the detection of MTC (basal calcitonin). Sometimes a stimulation test is used to improv - Calcium and phosphorus supplementation of human milk for preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2017
Preterm infants are born with low skeletal stores of calcium and phosphorus. Preterm human milk provides insufficient calcium and phosphorus to meet the estimated needs of preterm infants for adequate growth. Supplementation of human milk with calcium and - Calcium and vitamin D for corticosteroid‐induced osteoporosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-May-2010
Osteoporosis and subsequent fracture are a major cause of morbidity and mortality. It is defined by low bone mass, and has many etiologies with different patterns of bone loss. Corticosteroid therapy is a contributor to the development of osteoporosis. St
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