- Botulinum toxin type A in the treatment of lower limb spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2019
Cerebral palsy (CP) is the most common cause of physical disabilities in children in high-income countries. Spasticity is the most common motor disturbance in CP. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is considered the first-line treatment for focal spasticity - Botulinum toxin type A therapy for blepharospasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Blepharospasm is the second most common form of focal dystonia. It is a disabling disorder, characterised by chronic, intermittent or persistent, involuntary eyelid closure, due to spasmodic - Botulinum toxin type A therapy for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia, and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum t - Botulinum toxin type A therapy for hemifacial spasm
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Nov-2020
This is an update of a Cochrane Review, first published in 2005. - Botulinum toxin type A versus anticholinergics for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2021
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2005. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a highly disabling movement disorder, characterised by involuntary, usually painful, head posturing. Currently, botulinum to - Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. There are two available formulations of botulinum - Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004, and previously updated in 2009 (no change in conclusions). Cervical dystonia is a frequent and disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. Botulinum toxin type A ( - Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2018
Migraine occurs in around 15% of adults and is ranked as the seventh most disabling disease amongst all diseases globally. Despite the available treatments many people suffer prolonged and frequent attacks which have a major impact on their quality of lif - Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2015
Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee can be treated with a knee brace or a foot/ankle orthosis. The main purpose of these aids is to reduce pain, improve physical function and, possibly, slow disease progression. This is the second update of t - Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2015
Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. Howe - Bradykinin beta‐2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jan-2008
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The rele - Branched‐chain amino acid supplementation for improving growth and development in term and preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2020
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) play a vital role in neonatal nutrition. Optimal BCAA supplementation might improve neonatal nutrient storage, leading to better physical and neurological development and other outcomes. - Branched‐chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-May-2017
Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction with neurological and psychiatric changes associated with liver insufficiency or portal-systemic shunting. The severity ranges from minor symptoms to coma. A Cochrane systematic review including 11 randomised - Breast stimulation for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Breast stimulation has been suggested as a means of inducing labour. It is a non-medical intervention allowing women greater control over the induction process. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using - Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2018
Metastatic breast cancer is not a curable disease, but women with metastatic disease are living longer. Surgery to remove the primary tumour is associated with an increased survival in other types of metastatic cancer. Breast surgery is not standard treat - Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2017
There are rising rates of multiple births worldwide with associated higher rates of complications and more hospital care, often due to prematurity. While there is strong evidence about the risks of not breastfeeding, rates of breastfeeding in women who ha - Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2016
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) show that breastfeeding newborn infants during painful procedures reduces pain. Mechanisms are considered to be multifactorial and include sucking, skin-to-skin contact, warmth, rocking, sound and smell of the mother, a - Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Physiological changes brought about by pain may contribute to the development of morbidity in neonates. Clinical studies have shown reduction in changes in physiological parameters and pain score measurements following pre-emptive analgesic administration - Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2016
Oxytocin and prostaglandin are hormones responsible for uterine contraction during the third stage of labour. Receptors in the uterine muscles are stimulated by exogenous or endogenous oxytocin leading to uterine contractions. Nipple stimulation or breast - Breathing exercises for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Mar-2020
Breathing exercises have been widely used worldwide as a non-pharmacological therapy to treat people with asthma. Breathing exercises aim to control the symptoms of asthma and can be performed as the Papworth Method, the Buteyko breathing technique, yogic
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