- Calcium supplementation (other than for preventing or treating hypertension) for improving pregnancy and infant outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2015
Maternal nutrition during pregnancy is known to have an effect on fetal growth and development. It is recommended that women increase their calcium intake during pregnancy and lactation, although the recommended dosage varies among professionals. Currentl - Calcium supplementation during pregnancy for preventing hypertensive disorders and related problems
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2018
Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia are common causes of serious morbidity and death. Calcium supplementation may reduce the risk of pre-eclampsia, and may help to prevent preterm birth. This is an update of a review last published in 2014. - Calcium supplementation for improving bone mineral density in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2010
Clinical trials have shown that calcium supplementation in children can increase bone mineral density (BMD) although this effect may not be maintained. There has been no quantitative systematic review of this intervention. - Calcium supplementation for prevention of primary hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jun-2015
Hypertension is a major public health problem that increases the risk of cardiovascular and kidney diseases. Several studies have shown an inverse association between calcium intake and blood pressure. As small reductions in blood pressure have been shown - Calcium supplementation for the management of primary hypertension in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Metabolic studies suggest calcium may have a role in the regulation of blood pressure. Some epidemiological studies reported people with a higher intake of calcium tend to have lower blood pressure. Previous systematic reviews and meta-analyses reached co - Calcium supplementation on bone loss in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
Although calcium is one the simplest and least expensive strategies for preventing osteoporotic fractures calcium supplementation is nevertheless not without controversy (Kanis 1989; Nordin 1990). The Food and Drug Administration in the US has permitted a - Calcium, vitamin D or recombinant parathyroid hormone for managing post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2019
Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism is a common complication after thyroid surgery. The incidence is likely to increase given the rising trend in the annual number of thyroid operations being performed. Measures to prevent post-thyroidectomy hypoparathyroidi - Calorie controlled diet for chronic asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2008
The prevalence of asthma has increased in recent years. Epidemiological studies suggest a correlation between the onset of asthma and dietary nonallergic factors especially high calorie diet. These can be regarded as other potentially important risk facto - Cancer genetic risk assessment for individuals at risk of familial breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2012
The recognition of an inherited component to breast cancer has led to an increase in demand for information, reassurance, and genetic testing, which has resulted in the creation of genetic clinics for familial cancer. The first step for patients referred - Cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonists for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Selective type 1 cannabinoid (CB1) receptor antagonists may assist with smoking cessation by restoring the balance of the endocannabinoid system, which can be disrupted by prolonged use of nicotine. They also seek to address many smokers' reluctance to pe - Cannabinoids for epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2014
Marijuana appears to have anti-epileptic effects in animals. It is not currently known if it is effective in patients with epilepsy. Some states in the United States of America have explicitly approved its use for epilepsy. - Cannabinoids for fibromyalgia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2016
This review is one of a series on drugs used to treat fibromyalgia. Fibromyalgia is a clinically well-defined chronic condition of unknown aetiology characterised by chronic widespread pain that often co-exists with sleep problems and fatigue affecting ap - Cannabinoids for nausea and vomiting in adults with cancer receiving chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2015
Cannabis has a long history of medicinal use. Cannabis-based medications (cannabinoids) are based on its active element, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and have been approved for medical purposes. Cannabinoids may be a useful therapeutic option for p - Cannabinoids for the treatment of dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Feb-2009
Following the discovery of an endogenous cannabinoid system and the identification of specific cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system, much work has been done to investigate the main effects of these compounds. There is increasing evidence th - Cannabinoids for Tourette's Syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2009
Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is a developmental neuropsychiatric disorder characterised by the presence of chronic motor and phonic tics. Drugs currently used in the treatment of GTS either lack efficacy or are associated with intolerable side eff - Cannabis and schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Oct-2014
Schizophrenia is a mental illness causing disordered beliefs, ideas and sensations. Many people with schizophrenia smoke cannabis, and it is unclear why a large proportion do so and if the effects are harmful or beneficial. It is also unclear what the bes - Cannabis for the treatment of Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2019
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated condition of transmural inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, associated with significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. The endocannabinoid system provides a potential therapeutic target f - Cannabis for the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2019
Cannabis and cannabinoids are often promoted as treatment for many illnesses and are widely used among patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Few studies have evaluated the use of these agents in UC. Further, cannabis has potential for adverse events and - Cannabis-based medicines for chronic neuropathic pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2018
This review is one of a series on drugs used to treat chronic neuropathic pain. Estimates of the population prevalence of chronic pain with neuropathic components range between 6% and 10%. Current pharmacological treatment options for neuropathic pain aff - Capitation, salary, fee-for-service and mixed systems of payment: effects on the behaviour of primary care physicians
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Aug-2011
It is widely believed that the method of payment of physicians may affect their clinical behaviour. Although payment systems may be used to achieve policy objectives (e.g. cost containment or improved quality of care), little is known about the effects of
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