- Botulinum toxin type A versus botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003. Cervical dystonia is the most common form of focal dystonia and is a disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. There are two available formulations of botulinum - Botulinum toxin type B for cervical dystonia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-May-2016
This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2004, and previously updated in 2009 (no change in conclusions). Cervical dystonia is a frequent and disabling disorder characterised by painful involuntary head posturing. Botulinum toxin type A ( - Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2018
Migraine occurs in around 15% of adults and is ranked as the seventh most disabling disease amongst all diseases globally. Despite the available treatments many people suffer prolonged and frequent attacks which have a major impact on their quality of lif - Braces and orthoses for treating osteoarthritis of the knee
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2015
Individuals with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee can be treated with a knee brace or a foot/ankle orthosis. The main purpose of these aids is to reduce pain, improve physical function and, possibly, slow disease progression. This is the second update of t - Braces for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2015
Idiopathic scoliosis is a three-dimensional deformity of the spine. The most common form is diagnosed in adolescence. While adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) can progress during growth and cause a surface deformity, it is usually not symptomatic. Howe - Bradykinin beta-2 receptor antagonists for acute traumatic brain injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-May-2010
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Cerebral oedema, the accumulation of fluid within the brain, is believed to be an important contributor to the secondary brain damage that occurs following injury. The rele - Branched-chain amino acids for people with hepatic encephalopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-May-2017
Hepatic encephalopathy is a brain dysfunction with neurological and psychiatric changes associated with liver insufficiency or portal-systemic shunting. The severity ranges from minor symptoms to coma. A Cochrane systematic review including 11 randomised - Breast stimulation for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2009
Breast stimulation has been suggested as a means of inducing labour. It is a non-medical intervention allowing women greater control over the induction process. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using - Breast surgery for metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2018
Metastatic breast cancer is not a curable disease, but women with metastatic disease are living longer. Surgery to remove the primary tumour is associated with an increased survival in other types of metastatic cancer. Breast surgery is not standard treat - Breastfeeding education and support for women with twins or higher order multiples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2017
There are rising rates of multiple births worldwide with associated higher rates of complications and more hospital care, often due to prematurity. While there is strong evidence about the risks of not breastfeeding, rates of breastfeeding in women who ha - Breastfeeding for procedural pain in infants beyond the neonatal period
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2018
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) show that breastfeeding newborn infants during painful procedures reduces pain. Mechanisms are considered to be multifactorial and include sucking, skin-to-skin contact, warmth, rocking, sound and smell of the mother, a - Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Physiological changes brought about by pain may contribute to the development of morbidity in neonates. Clinical studies have shown reduction in changes in physiological parameters and pain score measurements following pre-emptive analgesic administration - Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jan-2016
Oxytocin and prostaglandin are hormones responsible for uterine contraction during the third stage of labour. Receptors in the uterine muscles are stimulated by exogenous or endogenous oxytocin leading to uterine contractions. Nipple stimulation or breast - Breathing exercises for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2013
Breathing exercises have been widely used worldwide as a complementary therapy to the pharmacological treatment of people with asthma. - Breathing exercises for children with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2016
Asthma is the most common chronic disease in childhood. Breathing exercise techniques have been widely used by researchers and professionals in the search for complementary therapies for the treatment of asthma. - Breathing exercises for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Breathing exercises for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) aim to alter respiratory muscle recruitment, improve respiratory muscle performance and reduce dyspnoea. Although some studies have reported positive short-term physiological - Breathing exercises for dysfunctional breathing/hyperventilation syndrome in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Apr-2013
Dysfunctional breathing/hyperventilation syndrome (DB/HVS) is a respiratory disorder, psychologically or physiologically based, involving breathing too deeply and/or too rapidly (hyperventilation) or erratic breathing interspersed with breath-holding or s - Breathing exercises for dysfunctional breathing/hyperventilation syndrome in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2013
Dysfunctional breathing is described as chronic or recurrent changes in breathing pattern causing respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. It is an umbrella term that encompasses hyperventilation syndrome and vocal cord dysfunction. Dysfunctional breathi - Brief co-incubation of sperm and oocytes for in vitro fertilization techniques
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Apr-2013
The in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique is commonly used and is the only treatment option for a proportion of infertile couples. To obtain better outcomes of IVF, it is important to enhance embryo quality by optimizing IVF techniques. In IVF procedures - Brief educational strategies for improving contraception use in young people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Mar-2016
Global high rates of unplanned pregnancy and abortion among young women demonstrate the need for increased access to modern contraceptive services. In sub-Saharan Africa, the birth rate for those aged 15 to 19 years is 121 per 1000. In the USA, 6% of teen
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