- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, as well as acute exacerbations with associated morbidity and healthcare costs. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
The vicious cycle hypothesis for bronchiectasis predicts that bacterial colonisation of the respiratory tract perpetuates inflammatory change. This damages the mucociliary escalator, preventing bacterial clearance and allowing persistence of pro-inflammat - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Validation therapy was developed by Naomi Feil between 1963 and 1980 for older people with cognitive impairments. Initially, this did not include those with organically-based dementia, but the approach has subsequently been applied in work with people who - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
No cure for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is known at present, so treatment often focuses on management of symptoms such as pain, stiffness and mobility. Treatment options include pharmacological interventions, physical therapy treatments and balneotherapy. B - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Gold compounds have been used in several conditions affecting man since the 18th century (tuberculosis, lupus vulgaris, bacterial endocarditis, etc.) however, in the past decade the use of injectable gold for rheumatoid arthritis has markedly declined, an - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
The majority of people with hip fracture are treated surgically, requiring anaesthesia. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Many different surgical techniques have been described for the internal fixation of extracapsular hip fractures. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Isolated fractures of the shaft of the ulna, which are often sustained when the forearm is raised to shield against a blow, are generally treated on an outpatient basis. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1998 and last updated in 20 - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Medication used for acute aggression in psychiatry must have rapid onset of effect, low frequency of administration and low levels of adverse effects. Zuclopenthixol acetate is said to have these properties. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is caused by a deficiency or dysfunction of pulmonary surfactant. A variety of animal derived surfactant extracts have been formulated and given to infants at risk of developing RDS. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability world wide. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) is licensed for treatment of acute ischaemic stroke in the early hours after symptom onset. It has been shown in randomised co - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Carotid artery stenting is an alternative to carotid endarterectomy for the treatment of atherosclerotic carotid artery stenosis. This review updates a previous version first published in 1997 and subsequently updated in 2004, 2007, and 2012. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Surgery for vertebral artery stenosis is technically difficult, potentially hazardous and is not considered in most centres. There is growing evidence from case series that vertebral artery stenosis may be treated endovascularly by percutaneous translumin - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is still one of the most serious complications of premature birth. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery cannot be carried out early and permanent dependence on a shunt is associated with several seri - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Recurrent apnea is common in preterm infants particularly at very early gestational ages. These episodes of loss of effective breathing can lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia, which may be severe enough to require resuscitation including use of positive pr - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
On the basis of evidence from non-randomised studies, it has been recommended that all babies born through thick meconium should have their tracheas intubated so that suctioning of their airways can be performed. The aim is to reduce the incidence and sev - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Vitamin A is necessary for normal lung growth and the integrity of respiratory tract epithelial cells. Preterm infants have low vitamin A status at birth and this has been associated with an increased risk of developing chronic lung disease. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Apnea of prematurity may lead to hypoxemia and bradycardia requiring resuscitative measures being instituted. Many treatments have been used in infants with apnea of prematurity including methylxanthines. Physical stimulation is often used to restart brea - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Most premature infants are physiologically not sufficiently mature to orally ingest all of their required water and nutrients. Therefore, premature infants rely on their caregivers to regulate their volume of water intake. Thus, the caregiver must determi - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Umbilical arterial catheters (UACs) are among the most commonly used monitoring methodologies in neonatal intensive care. There seems to be significant variance between neonatal intensive care units in exactly how these catheters are used. This variance i
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