- Urinary biomarkers for the non‐invasive diagnosis of endometriosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Dec-2015
About 10% of reproductive-aged women suffer from endometriosis which is a costly chronic disease that causes pelvic pain and subfertility. Laparoscopy is the 'gold standard' diagnostic test for endometriosis, but it is expensive and carries surgical risks - Urinary catheter policies for long‐term bladder drainage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
People requiring long-term bladder draining commonly experience catheter-associated urinary tract infection and other problems. - Urinary diversion and bladder reconstruction/replacement using intestinal segments for intractable incontinence or following cystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Feb-2012
Surgery performed to improve or replace the function of the diseased urinary bladder has been carried out for over a century. Main reasons for improving or replacing the function of the urinary bladder are bladder cancer, neurogenic bladder dysfunction, d - Urine tests for Down's syndrome screening
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2015
Down's syndrome occurs when a person has three copies of chromosome 21, or the specific area of chromosome 21 implicated in causing Down's syndrome, rather than two. It is the commonest congenital cause of mental disability and also leads to numerous meta - Urodynamic studies for management of urinary incontinence in children and adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2013
Urodynamic tests are used to investigate people who have urinary incontinence or other urinary symptoms in order to make a definitive, objective diagnosis. The aim is to help select the treatment most likely to be successful. The investigations are invasi - Ursodeoxycholic acid and/or antibiotics for prevention of biliary stent occlusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Malignant biliary obstruction, which requires endoscopic stenting as palliative therapy, is often complicated by clogging of the stent with subsequent jaundice and/or cholangitis. Stent clogging may be caused by microbiological adhesion and biliary stasis - Ursodeoxycholic acid for cystic fibrosis‐related liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Sep-2017
Abnormal biliary secretion leads to the thickening of bile and the formation of plugs within the bile ducts; the consequent obstruction and abnormal bile flow ultimately results in the development of cystic fibrosis-related liver disease. This condition p - Ursodeoxycholic acid for primary biliary cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Ursodeoxycholic acid is administered to patients with primary biliary cirrhosis, a chronic progressive inflammatory autoimmune-mediated liver disease with unknown aetiology. Despite its controversial effects, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration has appr - Use of antimicrobial mouthwashes (gargling) and nasal sprays by healthcare workers to protect them when treating patients with suspected or confirmed COVID‐19 infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Sep-2020
COVID-19 infection poses a serious risk to patients and – due to its contagious nature – to those healthcare workers (HCWs) treating them. If the mouth and nose of HCWs are irrigated with antimicrobial solutions, this may help reduce the risk of active in - Use of biochemical tests of placental function for improving pregnancy outcome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Nov-2015
The placenta has an essential role in determining the outcome of pregnancy. Consequently, biochemical measurement of placentally-derived factors has been suggested as a means to improve fetal and maternal outcome of pregnancy. - Use of electronic health records to support smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Dec-2014
Health information systems such as electronic health records (EHR), computerized decision support systems, and electronic prescribing are potentially valuable components to improve the quality and efficiency of clinical interventions for tobacco use. - Use of endoanal ultrasound for reducing the risk of complications related to anal sphincter injury after vaginal birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2015
During childbirth, many women sustain trauma to the perineum, which is the area between the vaginal opening and the anus. These tears can involve the perineal skin, the pelvic floor muscles, the external and internal anal sphincter muscles as well as the - Use of hyaluronidase as an adjunct to local anaesthetic eye blocks to reduce intraoperative pain in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Mar-2018
Hyaluronidase has been used over many decades as an adjunct to local anaesthetic solution to improve the speed of onset of eye blocks and to provide better akinesia and analgesia. With the evolution of modern eye surgery techniques, fast onset and akinesi - Use of plastic adhesive drapes during surgery for preventing surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2015
Surgical site infection has been estimated to occur in about 15% of clean surgery and 30% of contaminated surgery cases. Using plastic adhesive drapes to protect the wound from organisms that may be present on the surrounding skin during surgery is one st - Use of platelet transfusions prior to lumbar punctures or epidural anaesthesia for the prevention of complications in people with thrombocytopenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2018
People with a low platelet count (thrombocytopenia) often require lumbar punctures or an epidural anaesthetic. Lumbar punctures can be diagnostic (haematological malignancies, subarachnoid haematoma, meningitis) or therapeutic (spinal anaesthetic, adminis - Use of reflective materials during phototherapy for newborn infants with unconjugated hyperbilirubinaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jul-2020
Phototherapy is a well-established effective therapy for treating babies with significant neonatal jaundice. Studies have shown that increasing light intensity will increase its efficiency. A potentially inexpensive and easy way of increasing the intensit - User-held personalised information for routine care of people with severe mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Sep-2013
It is important to seek cost-effective methods of improving the care and outcome of those with serious mental illnesses. User-held records, where the person with the illness holds all or some personal information relating to the course and care of their i - Using alternative statistical formats for presenting risks and risk reductions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2012
The success of evidence-based practice depends on the clear and effective communication of statistical information. - Uterine artery embolization for symptomatic uterine fibroids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Dec-2014
Uterine fibroids cause heavy prolonged bleeding, pain, pressure symptoms and subfertility. The traditional method of treatment has been surgery as medical therapies have not proven effective. Uterine artery embolization has been reported to be an effectiv - Uterine distension media for outpatient hysteroscopy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2021
Hysteroscopy done in an outpatient setting is the 'gold standard' method for evaluating the uterine cavity. Media used to distend the uterine cavity include gas as carbon dioxide and liquid as saline that can be used at room temperature or warmed to body
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