- Types of progestogens in combined oral contraception: effectiveness and side-effects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2011
The progestogen component of combined oral contraceptives (COC) has undergone changes since it was first recognised that it's chemical structure could influence the spectrum of minor adverse and beneficial effects. The major determinants of effectiveness - Tyrosine supplementation for phenylketonuria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2021
Phenylketonuria is an inherited disease for which the main treatment is the dietary restriction of the amino acid phenylalanine. The diet has to be initiated in the neonatal period to prevent or reduce mental handicap. However, the diet is very restrictiv - Ultrafiltration for acute heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2022
Pharmacotherapies such as loop diuretics are the cornerstone treatment for acute heart failure (AHF), but resistance and poor response can occur. Ultrafiltration (UF) is an alternative therapy to reduce congestion, however its benefits, efficacy and safet - Ultra-radical (extensive) surgery versus standard surgery for the primary cytoreduction of advanced epithelial ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer among women and the leading cause of death in women with gynaecological malignancies. Opinions differ regarding the role of ultra-radical (extensive) cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer treatment. - Ultrasonography for confirmation of gastric tube placement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Apr-2017
Gastric tubes are commonly used for the administration of drugs and tube feeding for people who are unable to swallow. Feeding via a tube misplaced in the trachea can result in severe pneumonia. Therefore, the confirmation of tube placement in the stomach - Ultrasonography for diagnosis of alcoholic cirrhosis in people with alcoholic liver disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Mar-2016
Heavy alcohol consumption causes alcoholic liver disease and is a causal factor of many types of liver injuries and concomitant diseases. It is a true systemic disease that may damage the digestive tract, the nervous system, the heart and vascular system, - Ultrasonography for endoleak detection after endoluminal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2017
People with abdominal aortic aneurysm who receive endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) need lifetime surveillance to detect potential endoleaks. Endoleak is defined as persistent blood flow within the aneurysm sac following EVAR. Computed tomography (CT) a - Ultrasound and shockwave therapy for acute fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jun-2014
The morbidity and socioeconomic costs of fractures are considerable. The length of time to healing is an important factor in determining a person's recovery after a fracture. Ultrasound may have a therapeutic role in reducing the time to union after fract - Ultrasound for diagnosis of birth weight discordance in twin pregnancies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2021
There is a need to standardize monitoring in obstetric research of twin pregnancies. Identification of birth weight discordance (BWD), defined as a difference in the birth weights of twins, is a well-documented phenomenon in twin pregnancies. Ultrasound f - Ultrasound for fetal assessment in early pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jul-2015
Diagnostic ultrasound is a sophisticated electronic technology, which utilises pulses of high-frequency sound to produce an image. Diagnostic ultrasound examination may be employed in a variety of specific circumstances during pregnancy such as after clin - Ultrasound guidance for arterial (other than femoral) catheterisation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Oct-2021
Arterial vascular access is a frequently performed procedure, with a high possibility for adverse events (e.g. pneumothorax, haemothorax, haematoma, amputation, death), and additional techniques such as ultrasound may be useful for improving outcomes. How - Ultrasound guidance for upper and lower limb blocks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Sep-2015
Peripheral nerve blocks can be performed using ultrasound guidance. It is not yet clear whether this method of nerve location has benefits over other existing methods. This review was originally published in 2009 and was updated in 2014. - Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for internal jugular vein catheterization
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2015
Central venous catheters (CVCs) can help with diagnosis and treatment of the critically ill. The catheter may be placed in a large vein in the neck (internal jugular vein), upper chest (subclavian vein) or groin (femoral vein). Whilst this is beneficial o - Ultrasound guidance versus anatomical landmarks for subclavian or femoral vein catheterization
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2015
Central venous catheters can help with diagnosis and treatment of the critically ill. The catheter may be placed in a large vein in the neck (internal jugular vein), upper chest (subclavian vein) or groin (femoral vein). Whilst this is beneficial overall, - Ultrasound use for the placement of haemodialysis catheters
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2011
A significant proportion of patients starting dialysis do so with a temporary or tunnelled haemodialysis catheter. Insertion of these catheters can be achieved either by using the anatomical landmarks for the veins into which they are inserted or using ul - Ultrasound versus 'clinical touch' for catheter guidance during embryo transfer in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Mar-2016
Many women undergoing an assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycle will not achieve a live birth. Failure at the embryo transfer stage may be due to lack of good-quality embryo/s, lack of uterine receptivity, or the transfer technique itself. Numerous - Ultrasound versus liver function tests for diagnosis of common bile duct stones
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2015
Ultrasound and liver function tests (serum bilirubin and serum alkaline phosphatase) are used as screening tests for the diagnosis of common bile duct stones in people suspected of having common bile duct stones. There has been no systematic review of the - Ultrasound, CT, MRI, or PET‐CT for staging and re‐staging of adults with cutaneous melanoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jul-2019
Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer, with the potential to metastasise to other parts of the body via the lymphatic system and the bloodstream. Melanoma accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases but is responsible for th - Ultrasound‐guided arterial cannulation for paediatrics
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Sep-2016
Arterial line cannulation in paediatric patients is traditionally performed by palpation or with Doppler auditory assistance in locating the artery before catheterization. It is not clear whether ultrasound guidance offers benefits over these methods. - Ultrasound‐guided transvaginal ovarian needle drilling for clomiphene‐resistant polycystic ovarian syndrome in subfertile women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Nov-2021
Ovulatory disturbance is a key diagnostic feature of polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), leading to infertility and correspondingly heavy disease burden. Many therapeutic strategies have been used to induce ovulation for women with PCOS who are infertile.
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