- Specialist nurses in diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
The patient with diabetes has many different learning needs relating to diet, monitoring, and treatments. In many health care systems specialist nurses provide much of these needs, usually aiming to empower patients to self-manage their diabetes. The pres - Specialist outreach clinics in primary care and rural hospital settings.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Specialist medical practitioners have conducted clinics in primary care and rural hospital settings for a variety of reasons in many different countries. Such clinics have been regarded as an important policy option for increasing the accessibility and ef - Specialist teams for neonatal transport to neonatal intensive care units for prevention of morbidity and mortality
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2015
Maternal antenatal transfers provide better neonatal outcomes. However, there will inevitably be some infants who require acute transport to a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Because of this, many institutions develop services to provide neonatal tra - Specially formulated foods for treating children with moderate acute malnutrition in low- and middle-income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2013
Moderate acute malnutrition, also called moderate wasting, affects around 10% of children under five years of age in low- and middle-income countries. There are different approaches to addressing malnutrition with prepared foods in these settings; for exa - Specific allergen immunotherapy for the treatment of atopic eczema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2016
Specific allergen immunotherapy (SIT) is a treatment that may improve disease severity in people with atopic eczema (AE) by inducing immune tolerance to the relevant allergen. A high quality systematic review has not previously assessed the efficacy and s - Spectral entropy monitoring for adults and children undergoing general anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2016
Anaesthetic drugs during general anaesthesia are titrated according to sympathetic or somatic responses to surgical stimuli. It is now possible to measure depth of anaesthesia using electroencephalography (EEG). Entropy, an EEG-based monitor can be used t - Speech and language therapy interventions for children with primary speech and language delay or disorder
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-May-2015
It is thought that approximately 6% of children have speech and language difficulties of which the majority will not have any other significant developmental difficulties. Whilst most children's difficulties resolve, children whose difficulties persist in - Speech and language therapy to improve the communication skills of children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Mar-2016
The production of speech, language and gesture for communication is often affected by cerebral palsy. Communication difficulties associated with cerebral palsy can be multifactorial, arising from motor, intellectual and sensory impairments. Children with - Speed cameras for the prevention of road traffic injuries and deaths
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2012
It is estimated that by 2020, road traffic crashes will have moved from ninth to third in the world ranking of burden of disease, as measured in disability adjusted life years. The prevention of road traffic injuries is of global public health importance. - Sperm washing to prevent HIV transmission from HIV-infected men but allowing conception in sero-discordant couples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2011
Sperm washing is a term used to describe the process in which individual spermatozoa are separated from the seminal fluid. Sperm washing is used to prevent HIV transmission but allow conception in sero-discordant couples, where the male is HIV positive, b - Spermicide used alone for contraception
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2013
Spermicides have been used as contraceptives for thousands of years. Despite this long use, only recently have studies examined the comparative efficacy and acceptability of these vaginal medications. Spermicides contain an active ingredient (most commonl - Spinal cord stimulation for chronic pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Nov-2013
Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is a form of therapy used to treat certain types of chronic pain. It involves an electrical generator that delivers pulses to a targeted spinal cord area. The leads can be implanted by laminectomy or percutaneously and the so - Spinal fixation surgery for acute traumatic spinal cord injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2008
If the spine is unstable following traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI), surgical fusion and bracing may be necessary to obtain vertical stability and prevent re-injury of the spinal cord from repeated movement of the unstable bony elements. It has been sug - Spinal injuries centres (SICs) for acute traumatic spinal cord injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2008
The majority of complications in traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can occur in the first 24 hours and it has been suggested that spinal injury centres (SICs) may influence the pre-transfer care of people with SCI. The specialist SIC concept has been ado - Spinal manipulation for dysmenorrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2009
Dysmenorrhoea (occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin) is a common gynaecological condition. The character of pain from musculoskeletal dysfunction can be very similar to gynaecological pain by presenting cyclicly and being altered by ho - Spinal manipulative therapy for acute low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Many therapies exist for the treatment of low-back pain including spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), which is a worldwide, extensively practised intervention. This report is an update of the earlier Cochrane review, first published in January 2004 with th - Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2012
Many therapies exist for the treatment of low-back pain including spinal manipulative therapy (SMT), which is a worldwide, extensively practiced intervention. - Spinal manipulative therapy for low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2012
Low-back pain is a costly illness for which spinal manipulative therapy is commonly recommended. Previous systematic reviews and practice guidelines have reached discordant results on the effectiveness of this therapy for low-back pain. - Spinal versus epidural anaesthesia for caesarean section
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Mar-2012
Regional anaesthesia (spinal or epidural anaesthesia) for caesarean section is the preferred option when balancing risks and benefits to the mother and her fetus. Spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section is thought to be advantageous due to simplicity of - Spiritual and religious interventions for well-being of adults in the terminal phase of disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Apr-2012
As terminal disease progresses, health deteriorates and the end of life approaches, people may ask "Why this illness? Why me? Why now?" Such questions may invoke, rekindle or intensify spiritual or religious concerns. Although the processes by which these
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