- Clonidine premedication for postoperative analgesia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jan-2014
Postoperative pain remains a significant problem following paediatric surgery. Premedication with a suitable agent may improve its management. Clonidine is an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist which has sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic properties. It may there - Closed reduction methods for treating distal radial fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Fracture of the distal radius is a common clinical problem. Displaced fractures are usually reduced using closed reduction methods, which are non-surgical and generally comprise traction and manipulation. The resulting position is then stabilised, typical - Closed suction surgical wound drainage after orthopaedic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2008
Closed suction drainage systems are frequently used to drain fluids, particularly blood, from surgical wounds. The aim of these systems is to reduce the occurrence of wound haematomas and infection. - Closed tracheal suction systems versus open tracheal suction systems for mechanically ventilated adult patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2018
Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a common complication in ventilated patients. Endotracheal suctioning is a procedure that may constitute a risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonia. It can be performed with an open system or with a closed system. - Closure methods for laparotomy incisions for preventing incisional hernias and other wound complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2017
Surgeons who perform laparotomy have a number of decisions to make regarding abdominal closure. Material and size of potential suture types varies widely. In addition, surgeons can choose to close the incision in anatomic layers or mass ('en masse'), as w - Closure methods of the appendix stump for complications during laparoscopic appendectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2017
Laparoscopic appendectomy is amongst the most common general surgical procedures performed in the developed world. Arguably, the most critical part of this procedure is effective closure of the appendix stump to prevent catastrophic intra-abdominal compli - Closure versus medical therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in patients with patent foramen ovale and a history of cryptogenic stroke or transient ischemic attack
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Aug-2015
The optimal therapy for preventing recurrent stroke in people with cryptogenic stroke and patent foramen ovale (PFO) has not been defined. The choice between medical therapy (antithrombotic treatment with antiplatelet agents or anticoagulants) and transca - Closure versus non-closure of the peritoneum at caesarean section: short- and long-term outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Aug-2014
Caesarean section is a very common surgical procedure worldwide. Suturing the peritoneal layers at caesarean section may or may not confer benefit, hence the need to evaluate whether this step should be omitted or routinely performed. - Clotiapine for acute psychotic illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jul-2012
Acute psychotic illnesses, especially when associated with agitated or violent behaviour, require urgent pharmacological tranquillisation or sedation. Clotiapine, a dibenzothiazepine neuroleptic, is being used for this purpose in several countries. - Clotting factor concentrates given to prevent bleeding and bleeding-related complications in people with hemophilia A or B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2011
The hallmark of severe hemophilia is recurrent bleeding into joints and soft tissues with progressive joint damage, notwithstanding on-demand treatment. Prophylaxis has long been used but not universally adopted because of medical, psychosocial, and cost - Clozapine for psychotic disorders in adults with intellectual disabilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2015
Psychosis is three times more common in people with an intellectual disability than in those without an intellectual disability. A low intelligence quotient (IQ) is a defining characteristic for intellectual disability and a risk factor for poor outcome i - Clozapine versus other atypical antipsychotics for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2010
Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic demonstrated to be superior in the treatment of refractory schizophrenia which causes fewer movement disorders. Clozapine, however, entails a significant risk of serious blood disorders such as agranulocytosis which - Coasting (withholding gonadotrophins) for preventing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2017
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is an iatrogenic and potentially life threatening condition resulting from excessive ovarian stimulation. Reported incidence of moderate to severe OHSS ranges from 0.6% to 5% of in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Parkinson's disease patients commonly suffer from speech and vocal problems including dysarthric speech, reduced loudness and loss of articulation. These symptoms increase in frequency and intensity with progression of the disease). Speech and language th - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Despite drug and surgical therapies for Parkinson's disease, patients develop progressive disability. It has both motor and non-motor symptomatology, and their interaction with their environment can be very complex. The role of the occupational therapist - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Patients with Parkinson's disease commonly suffer from speech and voice difficulties such as impaired articulation and reduced loudness. Speech and language therapy (SLT) aims to improve the intelligibility of speech with behavioural treatment techniques - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Despite medical therapies and surgical interventions for Parkinson's disease (PD), patients develop progressive disability. The role of physiotherapy is to maximise functional ability and minimise secondary complications through movement rehabilitation wi - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Azoospermia, the absence of sperm in ejaculated semen, is the most severe form of male-factor infertility and is present in approximately 5% of all investigated infertile couples. The advent of intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has transformed trea - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) is commonly used to switch off (down regulate) the pituitary gland and thus suppress ovarian activity in women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Other fertility drugs (gonadotrophins) are then used to - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of cirrhosis which results in poor brain functioning. The spectrum of changes associated with hepatic encephalopathy ranges from the clinically 'indiscernible' or minimal hepatic encephalopathy to the clinic
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