- Long-term non-pharmacological weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Most persons with type 2 diabetes are overweight and obesity worsens the metabolic and physiologic abnormalities associated with diabetes. - Long-term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
Obesity is a highly and increasingly prevalent chronic condition for which drugs are commonly prescribed to improve health. - Long-term proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and the development of gastric pre-malignant lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2014
Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are the most effective drugs to reduce gastric acid secretion. PPIs are one of the most commonly prescribed classes of medications worldwide. Apart from short-term application, maintenance therapy with PPIs is recommended and - Loop diuretics for patients receiving blood transfusions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2015
Blood transfusions are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Prophylactic administration of loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide, ethacrynic acid, or torsemide) is common practice, especially among people who are at risk for circulatory o - L-ornithine L-aspartate for prevention and treatment of hepatic encephalopathy in people with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2019
Hepatic encephalopathy is a common complication of cirrhosis and has high associated morbidity and mortality. The condition is classified as overt if it is clinically apparent or minimal if only evident though psychometric testing. The exact pathogenesis - Low bacterial diet versus control diet to prevent infection in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy causing episodes of neutropenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2019
Neutropenia is a potentially serious side effect of chemotherapy and a major risk factor for infection, which can be life-threatening. It has been hypothesised that a low bacterial diet (LBD) can prevent infection and (infection-related) mortality in canc - Low dialysate sodium levels for chronic haemodialysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2019
Cardiovascular (CV) disease is the leading cause of death in dialysis patients, and strongly associated with fluid overload and hypertension. It is plausible that low dialysate [Na+] may decrease total body sodium content, thereby reducing fluid overload - Low dose naltrexone for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Apr-2018
Crohn’s disease is a transmural, relapsing inflammatory condition afflicting the digestive tract. Opioid signalling, long known to affect secretion and motility in the gut, has been implicated in the inflammatory cascade of Crohn’s disease. Low dose naltr - Low glycaemic index or low glycaemic load diets for overweight and obesity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2008
Obesity is increasingly prevalent, yet the nutritional management remains contentious. It has been suggested that low glycaemic index or load diets may stimulate greater weight loss than higher glycaemic index or load diets or other weight reduction diets - Low level laser therapy (Classes I, II and III) for treating rheumatoid arthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-May-2010
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) affects a large proportion of the population. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) was introduced as an alternative non-invasive treatment for RA about ten years ago. LLLT is a light source that generates extremely pure light, of a sin - Low level laser therapy (Classes III) for treating osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2010
Osteoarthritis (OA) affects a large portion of the population. Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) is a light source that generates extremely pure light, of a single wavelength. The effect is not thermal, but rather related to photochemical reactions in the ce - Low level laser therapy for nonspecific low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
Low-back pain (LBP) is a major health problem and a major cause of medical expenses and disablement. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) can be used to treat musculoskeletal disorders such as back pain. - Low molecular weight heparins versus unfractionated heparin for acute coronary syndromes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Aug-2010
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) are an important source of morbidity and mortality. Despite weak evidence for the use of unfractionated heparin (UFH) for acute coronary syndromes it is considered an accepted treatment for unstable angina and non-ST segment - Low oxygen concentrations for embryo culture in assisted reproductive technologies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jun-2012
During in vitro fertilisation (IVF) procedures, human preimplantation embryos are cultured in the laboratory. While some laboratories culture in an atmospheric oxygen concentration (˜ 20%), others use a lower concentration (˜ 5%) as this is more comparabl - Low pressure versus standard pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2014
A pneumoperitoneum of 12 to 16 mm Hg is used for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Lower pressures are claimed to be safe and effective in decreasing cardiopulmonary complications and pain. - Low versus high haemoglobin concentration threshold for blood transfusion for preventing morbidity and mortality in very low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2011
Infants of very low birth weight often receive multiple transfusions of red blood cells, usually in response to predetermined haemoglobin or haematocrit thresholds. In the absence of better indices, haemoglobin levels are imperfect but necessary guides to - Low-dose dopamine for women with severe pre-eclampsia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2009
Hypertensive disorders during pregnancy are important causes of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. The long-term outcome of surviving mothers will depend largely on whether intracranial haemorrhage or renal failure developed. Low-dose dopamine is - Low-dose rate brachytherapy for men with localized prostate cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-May-2011
Localized prostate cancer is a slow growing tumor for many years for the majority of affected men. Low-dose rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) is short-distance radiotherapy using low-energy radioactive sources. LDR-BT has been recommended for men with low risk - Low-fat diets for acquired hypercholesterolaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
Hypercholesterolaemia, characterised by raised blood cholesterol levels, is not a disease itself but a metabolic derangement that often contributes to many diseases, notably cardiovascular disease. In most cases, elevated cholesterol levels are associated - Lumbar sympathectomy techniques for critical lower limb ischaemia due to non-reconstructable peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2016
Critical lower limb ischaemia (CLI) is a manifestation of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) that is seen in patients with typical chronic ischaemic rest pain or patients with ischaemic skin lesions - ulcers or gangrene - for longer than 2 weeks. Critical
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