- Pre-operative traction for hip fractures in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2011
Following a hip fracture, traction may be applied to the injured limb before surgery. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 1997, and previously updated in 2006. - Preoperative vascular access evaluation for haemodialysis patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2015
Haemodialysis treatment requires reliable vascular access. Optimal access is provided via functional arteriovenous fistula (fistula), which compared with other forms of vascular access, provides superior long-term patency, requires few interventions, has - Preoxygenation for tracheal suctioning in intubated, ventilated newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Endotracheal suctioning for mechanically ventilated infants is routine practice in neonatal intensive care. However, this practice is associated with serious complications including lobar collapse, pneumothorax, bradycardia and hypoxaemia. Increasing the - Preprocedural mouth rinses for preventing transmission of infectious diseases through aerosols in dental healthcare providers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Aug-2022
Aerosols and spatter are generated in a dental clinic during aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) that use high-speed hand pieces. Dental healthcare providers can be at increased risk of transmission of diseases such as tuberculosis, measles and severe ac - Pre-referral rectal artesunate for severe malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Aug-2014
Severe or complicated malaria is a medical emergency and people die as a result of delays in starting treatment. Most patients need parenteral treatment, and in primary healthcare facilities, where intravenous therapy is not available but intramuscular in - Prescribed hypocaloric nutrition support for critically‐ill adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jun-2018
There are controversies about the amount of calories and the type of nutritional support that should be given to critically-ill people. Several authors advocate the potential benefits of hypocaloric nutrition support, but the evidence is inconclusive. - Prescription of prosthetic ankle‐foot mechanisms after lower limb amputation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
A prosthesis can be divided into several components: the prosthetic socket; the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism; and for higher levels of amputation, the prosthetic knee. This review focuses on the prosthetic ankle-foot mechanism, which forms an important - Present‐centered therapy (PCT) for post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Nov-2019
Present-centered therapy (PCT) is a non-trauma, manualized psychotherapy for adults with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). PCT was originally designed as a treatment comparator in trials evaluating the effectiveness of trauma-focused cognitive-behavi - Pressure modification or humidification for improving usage of continuous positive airway pressure machines in adults with obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2019
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is the repetitive closure of the upper airway during sleep. This results in disturbed sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness. It is a risk factor for long-term cardiovascular morbidity. Continuous positive airway pressure (C - Pressure redistributing static chairs for preventing pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2022
Sitting can be viewed as a therapeutic intervention and an important part of a person's recovery process; but the risk of ulceration must be mitigated. Interventions for ulcer prevention in those at risk from prolonged sitting include the use of specialis - Pressure support versus T-tube for weaning from mechanical ventilation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Dec-2018
Mechanical ventilation is important in caring for patients with critical illness. Clinical complications, increased mortality, and high costs of health care are associated with prolonged ventilatory support or premature discontinuation of mechanical venti - Pressure‐controlled versus volume‐controlled ventilation for acute respiratory failure due to acute lung injury (ALI) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jan-2015
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) account for one-quarter of cases of acute respiratory failure in intensive care units (ICUs). A third to half of patients will die in the ICU, in hospital or during follow-up. Mechanic - Pressure‐relieving devices for treating heel pressure ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Feb-2014
Pressure ulcers are areas of localised damage to the skin and underlying tissue caused by pressure or shear. Pressure redistribution devices are used as part of the treatment to reduce the pressure on the ulcer. The anatomy of the heel and the susceptibil - Pressure-relieving interventions for treating diabetic foot ulcers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Nov-2012
Diabetes-related foot ulceration is a major contributor to morbidity in diabetes. Diabetic foot ulcers are partly a consequence of abnormal foot pressures and pressure relief is a widely used treatment for healing diabetes-related plantar foot ulcers, but - Pressurised metered dose inhalers versus all other hand‐held inhaler devices to deliver beta‐2 agonist bronchodilators for non‐acute asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2002
A number of different inhaler devices are available to deliver beta2-agonist bronchodilators in asthma. These include hydrofluoroalkane (HFA) or chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-free propelled pressurised metered dose inhalers (pMDIs) and dry powder devices. - Pressurised metered‐dose inhalers versus all other hand‐held inhalers devices to deliver bronchodilators for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2002
Bronchodilator therapy for COPD may be delivered by a number of different inhaler devices. - Presurgery exercise‐based conditioning interventions (prehabilitation) in adults undergoing lower limb surgery for peripheral arterial disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2020
Lower limb peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is a type of cardiovascular disease where the blood vessels that carry the blood to the legs are hardened and narrowed. The most severe manifestation of PAD is critical limb ischaemia (CLI). This condition resu - Pre‐treatment surgical para‐aortic lymph node assessment in locally advanced cervical cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in The Cochrane Library, Issue 4, 2011. - Preventing occupational stress in healthcare workers
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Healthcare workers can suffer from occupational stress as a result of lack of skills, organisational factors, and low social support at work. This may lead to distress, burnout and psychosomatic problems, and deterioration in quality of life and service p - Prevention and treatment of cryptosporidiosis in immunocompromised patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Cryptosporidiosis is a disease that causes diarrhoea lasting about one to two weeks, sometimes extending up to 2.5 months among the immunocompentent and becoming a more severe life-threatening illness among immunocompromised individuals. Cryptosporidium i
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