- Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2010
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage affects 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year, with a high mortality. Red blood cell transfusions are frequently given, but their impact on rebleeding rates and mortality is unknown. - Red cell transfusion management for patients undergoing cardiac surgery for congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2014
Congenital heart disease is the most commonly diagnosed neonatal congenital condition. Without surgery, only 30% to 40% of patients affected will survive to 10 years old. Mortality has fallen since the 1990s with 2006 to 2007 figures showing surgical surv - Red flags to screen for malignancy in patients with low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
The identification of serious pathologies, such as spinal malignancy, is one of the primary purposes of the clinical assessment of patients with low-back pain (LBP). Clinical guidelines recommend awareness of "red flag" features from the patient's clinica - Red flags to screen for vertebral fracture in patients presenting with low-back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2012
Low-back pain (LBP) is a common condition seen in primary care. A principal aim during a clinical examination is to identify patients with a higher likelihood of underlying serious pathology, such as vertebral fracture, who may require additional investig - Reduced dietary salt for the prevention of cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jul-2017
This is an update of a Cochrane review that was first published in 2011 of the effects of reducing dietary salt intake, through advice to reduce salt intake or low-sodium salt substitution, on mortality and cardiovascular events. - Reduced or modified dietary fat for preventing cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Nov-2017
Reduction and modification of dietary fats have differing effects on cardiovascular risk factors (such as serum cholesterol), but their effects on important health outcomes are less clear. - Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions th - Reduced salt intake compared to normal dietary salt, or high intake, in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2008
In the past women have been advised that lowering their salt intake might reduce their risk of pre-eclampsia. Although this practice has largely ceased, it remains important to assess the evidence about possible effects of advice to alter dietary salt int - Reducing uncertainties about the effects of chemoradiotherapy for cervical cancer: individual patient data meta-analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Feb-2015
After a 1999 National Cancer Institute (NCI) clinical alert was issued, chemoradiotherapy has become widely used in treating women with cervical cancer. Two subsequent systematic reviews found that interpretation of the benefits was complicated and some i - Reduction in saturated fat intake for cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2015
Reducing saturated fat reduces serum cholesterol, but effects on other intermediate outcomes may be less clear. Additionally it is unclear whether the energy from saturated fats that are lost in the diet are more helpfully replaced by polyunsaturated fats - Reduction of the number of fetuses for women with a multiple pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Aug-2016
When couples are faced with the dilemma of a higher-order multiple pregnancy there are three options. Termination of the entire pregnancy has generally not been acceptable to women, especially for those with a past history of infertility. Attempting to co - Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2019
The standard way to stop smoking is to quit abruptly on a designated quit day. A number of smokers have tried unsuccessfully to quit this way. Reducing smoking before quitting could be an alternative approach to cessation. Before this method is adopted it - Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing cutaneous melanoma in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2018
Melanoma has one of the fastest rising incidence rates of any cancer. It accounts for a small percentage of skin cancer cases but is responsible for the majority of skin cancer deaths. Early detection and treatment is key to improving survival; however, a - Reflectance confocal microscopy for diagnosing keratinocyte skin cancers in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2018
Early accurate detection of all skin cancer types is important to guide appropriate management and improve morbidity and survival. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is usually a localised skin cancer but with potential to infiltrate and damage surrounding tissue - Regimens of fetal surveillance for impaired fetal growth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-May-2012
Policies and protocols for fetal surveillance in the pregnancy where impaired fetal growth is suspected vary widely, with numerous combinations of different surveillance methods. - Regimens of fetal surveillance of suspected large-for-gestational-age fetuses for improving health outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2016
Policies and protocols vary widely for fetal surveillance in a pregnancy where the fetus is suspected to be large-for-gestational-age (LGA). All ultimately culminate in decisions about the mode and timing of birth. LGA is known to be associated with incre - Regimens of less than six months for treating tuberculosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
WHO recommends 6 months of treatment in TB programmes. - Regimens of ultrasound surveillance for twin pregnancies for improving outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2017
Increased ultrasound surveillance of twin pregnancies has become accepted practice due to the higher risk of complications. There is no current consensus however as to the method and frequency of ultrasound monitoring that constitutes optimal care. - Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2015
With improvements in neonatal intensive care, more preterm infants are surviving the neonatal period and presenting for surgery in early infancy. Inguinal hernia is the most common condition requiring early surgery, appearing in 38% of infants whose birth - Regional analgesia for improvement of long-term functional outcome after elective large joint replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2015
Regional analgesia is more effective than conventional analgesia for controlling pain and may facilitate rehabilitation after large joint replacement in the short term. It remains unclear if regional anaesthesia improves functional outcomes after joint re
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