- Primary prevention of variceal bleeding in people with oesophageal varices due to liver cirrhosis: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Apr-2021
Approximately 40% to 95% of people with cirrhosis have oesophageal varices. About 15% to 20% of oesophageal varices bleed in about one to three years. There are several different treatments to prevent bleeding, including: beta-blockers, endoscopic sclerot - Primary prophylactic colony-stimulating factors for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in breast cancer patients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
High-dose or dose-intensive cytotoxic chemotherapy often causes myelosuppression and severe neutropenia among cancer patients. Severe neutropenia accompanied by fever, named febrile neutropenia (FN), is the most serious manifestation of neutropenia usuall - Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in ambulatory cancer patients receiving chemotherapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Dec-2020
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) often complicates the clinical course of cancer. The risk is further increased by chemotherapy, but the trade-off between safety and efficacy of primary thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy is uncert - Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in patients undergoing cardiac or thoracic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jun-2015
Cardiac and thoracic surgery are associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). The safety and efficacy of primary thromboprophylaxis in patients undergoing these types of surgery is uncertain. - Primary prophylaxis for venous thromboembolism in people undergoing major amputation of the lower extremity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2020
People undergoing major amputation of the lower limb are at increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Risk factors for VTE in amputees include advanced age, sedentary lifestyle, longstanding arterial disease and an identifiable hypercoagulable condi - Primary repair for penetrating colon injuries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jul-2003
Primary repair of penetrating colon injuries is an appealing management option. However, uncertainty about its safety persists. - Primary school-based behavioural interventions for preventing caries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Apr-2013
Dental caries is one of the most common global childhood diseases and is, for the most part, entirely preventable. Good oral health is dependent on the establishment of the key behaviours of toothbrushing with fluoride toothpaste and controlling sugar sna - Primary stenting versus primary balloon angioplasty for treating acute myocardial infarction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Balloon angioplasty following myocardial infarction (MI) reduces death, non-fatal MI and stroke compared to thrombolytic reperfusion. However up to 50% of patients experience restenosis and 3% to 5% recurrent myocardial infarction. Therefore, primary sten - Primary surgery versus primary radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for early adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
For early squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix, the outcome is similar after either primary surgery or primary radiotherapy. There are reports that this is not the case for early adenocarcinoma (AC) of the uterine cervix: some studies have report - Primary‐level worker interventions for the care of people living with mental disorders and distress in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2021
Community-based primary-level workers (PWs) are an important strategy for addressing gaps in mental health service delivery in low- and middle-income countries. - Print‐based self‐help interventions for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2019
Many smokers give up smoking on their own, but materials that provide a structured programme for smokers to follow may increase the number who quit successfully. - Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
It is often assumed that merely providing information in an accessible form will influence practice. Although such a strategy is still widely used in an attempt to change behaviour, there is a growing awareness that simply providing information may not le - Printed educational materials: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2020
Printed educational materials are widely used dissemination strategies to improve the quality of healthcare professionals' practice and patient health outcomes. Traditionally they are presented in paper formats such as monographs, publication in peer-revi - Probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2017
Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) is a common condition causing excessive tearing in the first year of life. Infants present with excessive tearing or mucoid discharge from the eyes due to blockage of the nasolacrimal duct system, which can - Probiotic treatment for women with gestational diabetes to improve maternal and infant health and well‐being
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2020
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is carbohydrate intolerance first recognised during pregnancy and associated with complications for mothers and babies. Probiotics are naturally occurring micro-organisms, which when ingested in adequate amounts, may co - Probiotics for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jul-2020
Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, in which the pathogenesis is believed to be partly influenced by the gut microbiome. Probiotics can be used to manipulate the microbiome and have therefore been conside - Probiotics for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with an annual incidence of approximately 10 to 20 per 100,000 people. The majority of people with ulcerative colitis can be put into remission, leaving a group who do not respond to fir - Probiotics for maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jun-2008
Crohn's disease (CD) is characterised by episodes of disease activity and symptom-free remission. Probiotics are microorganisms that can potentially benefit health, and have been evaluated as an alternate means of preventing relapse in patients with CD. - Probiotics for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Mar-2020
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory condition affecting the colon, with an annual incidence of approximately 10 to 20 per 100,000 people. The majority of people with ulcerative colitis can be put into remission, leaving a group who do not respond to fir - Probiotics for non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and/or steatohepatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease comprises a spectrum of diseases ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and cirrhosis. Probiotics have been proposed as a treatment option because of their modulating effect on the gut f
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