- Prehabilitation exercise therapy before elective abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jul-2021
An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an abnormal dilation in the diameter of the abdominal aorta of 50% or more of the normal diameter or greater than 3 cm in total. The risk of rupture increases with the diameter of the aneurysm, particularly above a di - Prehabilitation versus no prehabilitation to improve functional capacity, reduce postoperative complications and improve quality of life in colorectal cancer surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-May-2022
Surgery is the cornerstone in curative treatment of colorectal cancer. Unfortunately, surgery itself can adversely affect patient health. 'Enhanced Recovery After Surgery' programmes, which include multimodal interventions, have improved patient outcomes - Prehospital stroke scales as screening tools for early identification of stroke and transient ischemic attack
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Apr-2019
Rapid and accurate detection of stroke by paramedics or other emergency clinicians at the time of first contact is crucial for timely initiation of appropriate treatment. Several stroke recognition scales have been developed to support the initial triage. - Pre‐hospital versus in‐hospital initiation of cooling for survival and neuroprotection after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Mar-2016
Targeted temperature management (also known under 'therapeutic hypothermia', 'induced hypothermia'", or 'cooling') has been shown to be beneficial for neurological outcome in patients who have had successful resuscitation from sudden cardiac arrest, but i - Pre-hospital versus in-hospital thrombolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2014
Early thrombolysis for individuals experiencing a myocardial infarction is associated with better mortality and morbidity outcomes. While traditionally thrombolysis is given in hospital, pre-hospital thrombolysis is proposed as an effective intervention t - Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidies (abnormal number of chromosomes) in in vitro fertilisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2020
In in vitro fertilisation (IVF) with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), selection of the most competent embryo(s) for transfer is based on morphological criteria. However, many women do not achieve a pregnancy even after 'good quality' em - Premedication for anxiety in adult day surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Since the early 1980s, it has become more and more common to carry out surgical procedures on a day case basis. Many patients are anxious before surgery yet there is sometimes a reluctance to provide sedative medication because it is believed to delay dis - Prenatal administration of progesterone for preventing preterm birth in women considered to be at risk of preterm birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2015
Preterm birth is a major complication of pregnancy associated with perinatal mortality and morbidity. Progesterone for the prevention of preterm labour has been advocated. - Prenatal administration of progestogens for preventing spontaneous preterm birth in women with a multiple pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Nov-2019
Multiple pregnancy is a strong risk factor for preterm birth, and more than 50% of women with a twin pregnancy will give birth prior to 37 weeks' gestation. Infants born preterm are recognised to be at increased risk of many adverse health outcomes, contr - Prenatal education for congenital toxoplasmosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2015
Congenital toxoplasmosis is considered a rare but potentially severe infection. Prenatal education about congenital toxoplasmosis could be the most efficient and least harmful intervention, yet its effectiveness is uncertain. - Prenatal interventions for congenital diaphragmatic hernia for improving outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Nov-2015
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH), is an uncommon but severe condition in which there is a developmental defect in the fetal diaphragm, resulting in liver and bowel migrating to the chest cavity and impairing lung development and function for the neon - Prenatal versus postnatal repair procedures for spina bifida for improving infant and maternal outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Oct-2014
Spina bifida is a fetal neural tube defect (NTD), which may be diagnosed in utero and is compatible with life postnatally, albeit often with significant disability and morbidity. Although postnatal repair is possible, with increasing in utero diagnosis wi - Preoperative analgesics for additional pain relief in children and adolescents having dental treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2016
Fear of dental pain is a major barrier to treatment for children who need dental care. The use of preoperative analgesics has the potential to reduce postoperative discomfort and intraoperative pain. We reviewed the available evidence to determine whether - Pre‐operative autologous donation for minimising perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Public concerns regarding the safety of transfused blood have prompted reconsideration of the indications for the transfusion of allogeneic red cells (blood from an unrelated donor), and a range of techniques designed to minimise transfusion requirements. - Preoperative bathing or showering with skin antiseptics to prevent surgical site infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Feb-2015
Surgical site infections (SSIs) are wound infections that occur after invasive (surgical) procedures. Preoperative bathing or showering with an antiseptic skin wash product is a well-accepted procedure for reducing skin bacteria (microflora). It is less c - Pre-operative biliary drainage for obstructive jaundice
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2012
Patients with obstructive jaundice have various pathophysiological changes that affect the liver, kidney, heart, and the immune system. There is considerable controversy as to whether temporary relief of biliary obstruction prior to major definitive surge - Preoperative blood transfusions for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2020
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is one of the commonest severe monogenic disorders in the world, due to the inheritance of two abnormal haemoglobin (beta globin) genes. SCD can cause severe pain, significant end-organ damage, pulmonary complications, and premat - Preoperative carbohydrate treatment for enhancing recovery after elective surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Aug-2014
Preoperative carbohydrate treatments have been widely adopted as part of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) or fast-track surgery protocols. Although fast-track surgery protocols have been widely investigated and have been shown to be associated with - Pre-operative chemoradiation for non-metastatic locally advanced rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2012
This review sets out to assess the efficacy of pre-operative chemoradiation when compared to radiotherapy alone before surgery in the treatment of advanced non metastatic rectal surgery. - Preoperative chemoradiation versus radiation alone for stage II and III resectable rectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Preoperative radiotherapy (RT) decreases local recurrence rate and improves survival in stage II and III rectal cancer patients. The combination of chemotherapy with RT has a sound radiobiological rationale, and phase II trials of combined chemoradiation
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