- Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic intervention with or without medical treatment for prevention of rebleeding in people with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Oct-2020
People with liver cirrhosis who have had one episode of variceal bleeding are at risk for repeated episodes of bleeding. Endoscopic intervention and portosystemic shunts are used to prevent further bleeding, but there is no consensus as to which approach - Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2017
For centuries, there has been controversy around whether being upright (sitting, birthing stools, chairs, squatting, kneeling) or lying down (lateral (Sim's) position, semi-recumbent, lithotomy position, Trendelenburg's position) have advantages for women - Positional therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2019
The modalities of therapy for obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) include behavioural and lifestyle modifications, positional therapy, oral appliances, surgery and continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP). Though CPAP has proven efficacy in treating - Positioning and spinal bracing for pain relief in metastatic spinal cord compression in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2015
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on patient positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for pain relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic spinal cord compression. - Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jul-2012
Because of the association of prone positioning with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) it is recommended that young infants be placed on their backs (supine). However, the prone position may be a non-invasive way of increasing oxygenation in participant - Positive airway pressure therapy for the treatment of central sleep apnoea associated with heart failure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2019
Ischaemic heart disease including heart failure is the most common cause of death in the world, and the incidence of the condition is rapidly increasing. Heart failure is characterised by symptoms such as fatigue and breathlessness during light activity, - Positive end‐expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jun-2014
General anaesthesia causes atelectasis, which can lead to impaired respiratory function. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a mechanical manoeuvre that increases functional residual capacity (FRC) and prevents collapse of the airways, thereby redu - Positive end-expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Feb-2019
Conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is a common therapy for neonatal respiratory failure. While CMV facilitates gas exchange, it may simultaneously injure the lungs. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has received less attention than other vent - Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2012
Effective ventilation is the key to successful neonatal resuscitation. Positive pressure ventilation is initiated with manual ventilation devices which may or not deliver positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). PEEP is known to have beneficial effects in - Positive expiratory pressure physiotherapy for airway clearance in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Nov-2019
Chest physiotherapy is widely prescribed to assist the clearance of airway secretions in people with cystic fibrosis (CF). Positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices provide back pressure to the airways during expiration. This may improve clearance by bui - Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2017
People with bronchiectasis experience chronic cough and sputum production and require the prescription of airway clearance techniques (ACTs). A common type of ACT prescribed is positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy. A previous review has suggested th - Positive pressure therapy for Ménière’s disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Feb-2023
Ménière's disease is a condition that causes recurrent episodes of vertigo, associated with hearing loss and tinnitus. It is often treated with medication, but different interventions are sometimes used. Positive pressure therapy is a treatment that creat - Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2015
Ménière's disease is an incapacitating disease in which recurrent attacks of vertigo are accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus and/or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. A number of different therapies have been ident - Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing tumour resectability in advanced epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2018
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological cancer in developed countries. Surgery and chemotherapy are considered its mainstay of treatment and the completeness of surgery is a major prognostic factor for survival in these women. Cur - Positron emission tomography-adapted therapy for first-line treatment in individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2015
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell lymphoma accounting for 10% to 15% of all lymphoma in industrialised countries. It has a bimodal age distribution with one peak around the age of 30 years and another after the age of 60 years. Although HL accounts for fe - Post‐embryo transfer interventions for assisted reproduction technology cycles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2014
In women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryos transferred into the uterine cavity can be expelled due to many factors including uterine peristalsis and contractions, low site of deposition and negati - Posterior musculofascial reconstruction in robotic‐assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2021
Delayed recovery of urinary continence is a major adverse effect of robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (RALP) in men undergoing prostate cancer treatment. To address this issue, a number of surgical techniques have been designed to reconstruct th - Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to - Post-exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2014
Measles outbreaks continue to occur in countries with high vaccination coverage. Passive immunisation is generally considered to prevent measles in someone who is not immune and has been exposed to infection. Estimates of effectiveness have varied and no - Post‐exposure passive immunisation for preventing rubella and congenital rubella syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2015
Control of rubella is desired because infection in early pregnancy can result in miscarriage, foetal death or congenital abnormality. Primary studies examining the effectiveness of immunoglobulins for post-exposure prophylaxis of rubella have small sample
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