- Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines for preventing vaccine‐type invasive pneumococcal disease and X‐ray defined pneumonia in children less than two years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Aug-2009
Pneumonia, caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. The effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD), pneumonia, and mort - Pneumococcal vaccination during pregnancy for preventing infant infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2015
Approximately 450,000 children worldwide die of pneumococcal infections each year. The development of bacterial resistance to antimicrobials adds to the difficulty of treatment of diseases and emphasizes the need for a preventive approach. Newborn vaccina - Pneumococcal vaccine for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2014
Infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of pneumonia and other serious illnesses, particularly amongst those with certain high-risk medical conditions such as asthma. Although pneumococcal vaccine is routinely advocated for people wi - Pneumococcal vaccines for children and adults with bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Aug-2017
Bronchiectasis is increasingly recognized as a major cause of respiratory morbidity especially in developing countries. Even in affluent countries, bronchiectasis is increasingly seen in some community subsections (e.g. Aboriginal communities) and occurs - Pneumococcal vaccines for cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2016
Invasive pneumococcal disease is associated with significant mortality and many countries have introduced routine pneumococcal vaccination into their childhood immunisation programmes. Whilst pneumococcal disease in cystic fibrosis is uncommon, pneumococc - Pneumococcal vaccines for preventing pneumonia in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Mar-2019
People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at increased risk of pneumococcal disease, especially pneumonia, as well as acute exacerbations with associated morbidity and healthcare costs. - Pneumococcal vaccines for sickle cell disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2012
People with sickle cell disease are particularly susceptible to pneumococcal infection, which may be fatal. Infants (children aged up to 23 months) are at particularly high risk, but conventional polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccines may be ineffective in - Point‐of‐care ultrasonography for diagnosing thoracoabdominal injuries in patients with blunt trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Dec-2018
Point-of-care sonography (POCS) has emerged as the screening modality of choice for suspected body trauma in many emergency departments worldwide. Its best known application is FAST (focused abdominal sonography for trauma). The technology is almost ubiqu - Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders containing iron in children of preschool and school-age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Nov-2017
Approximately 600 million children of preschool and school age are anaemic worldwide. It is estimated that at least half of the cases are due to iron deficiency. Point-of-use fortification of foods with micronutrient powders (MNP) has been proposed as a f - Policies for replacing long-term indwelling urinary catheters in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2016
Long-term indwelling catheters are used commonly in people with lower urinary tract problems in home, hospital and specialised health-care settings. There are many potential complications and adverse effects associated with long-term catheter use. The eff - Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Sporting organisations provide an important setting for health promotion strategies that involve policies, communication of healthy messages and creation of health promoting environments. The introduction of policy interventions within sporting organisati - Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer and seventh most common cause of cancer death in women world-wide. Three-quarters of women present when the disease has spread throughout the abdomen (stage III or IV) and treatment consists of a combination - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Dec-2016
Prolonging kidney transplant survival is an important clinical priority. Induction immunosuppression with antibody therapy is recommended at transplantation and non-depleting interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies (IL2Ra) are considered first line. - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for treating acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2017
Registry data shows that the incidence of acute rejection has been steadily falling. Approximately 10% to 35% of kidney recipients will undergo treatment for at least one episode of acute rejection within the first post-transplant year. Treatment options - Polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulins for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2012
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established treatment for many malignant and non-malignant haematological disorders. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a condition frequently occurring after HSCT, is the result of host tiss - Polymerase chain reaction blood tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2019
This is an update of the original review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 10, 2015. - Polymer‐based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2016
Acute diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. Glucose-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute diarrhoea. Since 2004, the World Heal - Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the 1970s and early 1980s showed the polysaccharide serogroup A vaccine (SgAV) prevented serogroup A meningococcal meningitis (SGAMM). Subsequent non-RCTs suggested significant variations in the age-specific duration - Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for drug-resistant epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2016
An estimated 1% to 3% of all individuals will receive a diagnosis of epilepsy during their lives, which corresponds to approximately 50 million affected people worldwide. The real prevalence is possibly higher because epilepsy is underreported in developi - Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. The structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids
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