- Portosystemic shunts versus endoscopic therapy for variceal rebleeding in patients with cirrhosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Randomised clinical trials have compared portosystemic shunting procedures with endoscopic therapy for variceal haemorrhage, but there is no consensus as to which approach is preferable. - Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2017
For centuries, there has been controversy around whether being upright (sitting, birthing stools, chairs, squatting, kneeling) or lying down (lateral (Sim's) position, semi-recumbent, lithotomy position, Trendelenburg's position) have advantages for women - Positioning and spinal bracing for pain relief in metastatic spinal cord compression in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2015
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review published in Issue 3 (Lee 2012) on patient positioning (mobilisation) and bracing for pain relief and spinal stability in adults with metastatic spinal cord compression. - Positioning for acute respiratory distress in hospitalised infants and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-May-2012
Because of the association of prone positioning with sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) it is recommended that young infants be placed on their backs (supine). However, the prone position may be a non-invasive way of increasing oxygenation in participant - Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) during anaesthesia for prevention of mortality and postoperative pulmonary complications
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Jun-2014
General anaesthesia causes atelectasis, which can lead to impaired respiratory function. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a mechanical manoeuvre that increases functional residual capacity (FRC) and prevents collapse of the airways, thereby redu - Positive end-expiratory pressure for preterm infants requiring conventional mechanical ventilation for respiratory distress syndrome or bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Feb-2019
Conventional mechanical ventilation (CMV) is a common therapy for neonatal respiratory failure. While CMV facilitates gas exchange, it may simultaneously injure the lungs. Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) has received less attention than other vent - Positive end-expiratory pressure for resuscitation of newborn infants at birth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2012
Effective ventilation is the key to successful neonatal resuscitation. Positive pressure ventilation is initiated with manual ventilation devices which may or not deliver positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). PEEP is known to have beneficial effects in - Positive expiratory pressure therapy versus other airway clearance techniques for bronchiectasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2017
People with bronchiectasis experience chronic cough and sputum production and require the prescription of airway clearance techniques (ACTs). A common type of ACT prescribed is positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy. A previous review has suggested th - Positive pressure therapy for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Feb-2015
Ménière's disease is an incapacitating disease in which recurrent attacks of vertigo are accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus and/or aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. A number of different therapies have been ident - Positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for assessing tumour resectability in advanced epithelial ovarian/fallopian tube/primary peritoneal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2018
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynaecological cancer in developed countries. Surgery and chemotherapy are considered its mainstay of treatment and the completeness of surgery is a major prognostic factor for survival in these women. Cur - Positron emission tomography-adapted therapy for first-line treatment in individuals with Hodgkin lymphoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jan-2015
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a B-cell lymphoma accounting for 10% to 15% of all lymphoma in industrialised countries. It has a bimodal age distribution with one peak around the age of 30 years and another after the age of 60 years. Although HL accounts for fe - Post-embryo transfer interventions for assisted reproduction technology cycles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2014
In women undergoing in vitro fertilisation (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), embryos transferred into the uterine cavity can be expelled due to many factors including uterine peristalsis and contractions, low site of deposition and negati - Posterior versus lateral surgical approach for total hip arthroplasty in adults with osteoarthritis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2008
Osteoarthritis (OA) of the hip is a progressive condition that has no cure and often requires a total hip arthroplasty (THA). The principal methods for THA are the posterior and direct lateral approaches. The posterior approach is considered to be easy to - Post-exposure passive immunisation for preventing measles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Mar-2014
Measles outbreaks continue to occur in countries with high vaccination coverage. Passive immunisation is generally considered to prevent measles in someone who is not immune and has been exposed to infection. Estimates of effectiveness have varied and no - Post-exposure passive immunisation for preventing rubella and congenital rubella syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Sep-2015
Control of rubella is desired because infection in early pregnancy can result in miscarriage, foetal death or congenital abnormality. Primary studies examining the effectiveness of immunoglobulins for post-exposure prophylaxis of rubella have small sample - Post-licence driver education for the prevention of road traffic crashes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2008
Worldwide, each year over a million people are killed and some ten million people are permanently disabled in road traffic crashes. Post-licence driver education is used by many as a strategy to reduce traffic crashes. However, the effectiveness of post-l - Postnatal parental education for optimizing infant general health and parent-infant relationships
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2013
Many learning needs arise in the early postpartum period, and it is important to examine interventions used to educate new parents about caring for their newborns during this time. - Postnatal phenobarbital for the prevention of intraventricular haemorrhage in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2013
Intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a major complication of preterm birth. Large haemorrhages are associated with a high risk of disability and hydrocephalus. Instability of blood pressure and cerebral blood flow are postulated as causative factors. Ano - Postnatal thyroid hormones for preterm infants with transient hypothyroxinaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Extremely premature infants are at risk of transient hypothyroxinaemia in the first weeks after birth. These low thyroid hormone levels are associated with an increased incidence of neonatal morbidity, mortality and longer term developmental impairments. - Postnatal thyroid hormones for respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2008
Preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome are at increased risk of adverse neonatal and developmental outcomes. In animal research, thyroid hormones stimulate surfactant production and reduce the incidence and severity of respiratory distress whe
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