Showing 41-60 of 99 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Congenital problems 
- Inhaled nitric oxide for the postoperative management of pulmonary hypertension in infants and children with congenital heart disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Jul-2014
Nitric oxide (NO) is a prevalent molecule in humans that is responsible for many physiologic activities including pulmonary vasodilation. An exogenous, inhaled form (iNO) exists that mimics this action without affecting systemic blood pressure. This thera
- Inhaled versus systemic corticosteroids for preventing bronchopulmonary dysplasia in ventilated very low birth weight preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Oct-2017
Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains an important cause of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants and inflammation plays a significant role in its pathogenesis. The use of inhaled corticosteroids may modulate the inflammatory process without conco
- Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
There is lack of theoretical and clinical knowledge of the use of insoles for prevention or treatment of back pain. The high incidence of back pain and the popularity of shoe insoles call for a systematic review of this practice.
- Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jan-2013
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument and technique used
- Interactive telemedicine: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2015
Telemedicine (TM) is the use of telecommunication systems to deliver health care at a distance. It has the potential to improve patient health outcomes, access to health care and reduce healthcare costs. As TM applications continue to evolve it is importa
- Interventions for dysphagia in long‐term, progressive muscle disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Feb-2016
Normal swallowing function is divided into oral, pharyngeal, and oesophageal phases. The anatomy and physiology of the oral cavity facilitates an oral preparatory phase of swallowing, in which food and liquid are pushed towards the pharynx by the tongue.
- Interventions for primary (intrinsic) tracheomalacia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2012
Tracheomalacia, a disorder of the large airways where the trachea is deformed or malformed during respiration, is commonly seen in tertiary paediatric practice. It is associated with a wide spectrum of respiratory symptoms from life-threatening recurrent
- Interventions for the management of submucous cleft palate
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jan-2016
Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a common congenital malformation of the soft palate which may present as velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI), which can affect the quality and intelligibility of speech. Surgical techniques, which can be used to reconstruct
- Interventions for treating brain arteriovenous malformations in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2019
Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are the single most common cause of intracerebral haemorrhage in young adults. Brain AVMs also cause seizure(s) and focal neurological deficits (in the absence of haemorrhage, migraine or an epileptic seizure); app
- Lamotrigine add‐on therapy for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Mar-2020
This is an updated version of the Cochrane Review previously published in 2016.
- Late (≥ 7 days) systemic postnatal corticosteroids for prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2021
Many infants born preterm develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), with lung inflammation playing a role. Corticosteroids have powerful anti-inflammatory effects and have been used to treat individuals with established BPD. However, it is unclear whether
- Late versus early surgical correction for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2000
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia, although rare (1 per 2-4,000 births), is associated with high mortality and cost. Opinion regarding the timing of surgical repair has gradually shifted from emergent repair to a policy of stabilization using a variety of v
- Magnesium sulphate for preventing preterm birth in threatened preterm labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2014
Magnesium sulphate has been used in some settings as a tocolytic agent to inhibit uterine activity in women in preterm labour with the aim of preventing preterm birth.
- Magnesium sulphate for women at risk of preterm birth for neuroprotection of the fetus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
Epidemiological and basic science evidence suggests that magnesium sulphate before birth may be neuroprotective for the fetus.
- Music education for improving reading skills in children and adolescents with dyslexia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jul-2012
Dyslexia (or developmental dyslexia or specific reading disability) is a specific learning disorder that has a neurobiological origin. It is marked by difficulties with accurate or fluent recognition of words and poor spelling in people who have average o
- Non‐pharmacological interventions for people with epilepsy and intellectual disabilities
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Sep-2015
Approximately 30% of patients with epilepsy remain refractory to drug treatment and continue to experience seizures whilst taking one or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Several non-pharmacological interventions that may be used in conjunction with or as
- Oxcarbazepine add-on for drug-resistant partial epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2016
Most people with epilepsy have a good prognosis and their seizures can be well controlled with the use of a single antiepileptic drug, but up to 30% develop refractory epilepsy, especially those with partial seizures. In this review we summarize the curre
- Percutaneous lines for delivering intravenous antibiotics in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2010
Percutaneous long lines (long intravenous lines) and short intravenous lines (also termed cannulae) are both used to deliver intravenous antibiotics in cystic fibrosis to treat respiratory exacerbations of the disease. The perceived advantage of a long in
- Personal assistance for adults (19-64) with both physical and intellectual impairments
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2008
There is a high incidence of impairments among working age adults, and their prevalence is increasing in the West. Many countries offer personal assistance in the form of individualised support for people living in the community by a paid assistant other
- Pharmacological and nutritional treatment for McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2014
McArdle disease (Glycogen Storage Disease type V) is caused by an absence of muscle phosphorylase leading to exercise intolerance, myoglobinuria rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure. This is an update of a review first published in 2004.
