- Policies for replacing long-term indwelling urinary catheters in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jul-2016
Long-term indwelling catheters are used commonly in people with lower urinary tract problems in home, hospital and specialised health-care settings. There are many potential complications and adverse effects associated with long-term catheter use. The eff - Policy interventions implemented through sporting organisations for promoting healthy behaviour change
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Sporting organisations provide an important setting for health promotion strategies that involve policies, communication of healthy messages and creation of health promoting environments. The introduction of policy interventions within sporting organisati - Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
Ovarian cancer is the sixth most common cancer and seventh most common cause of cancer death in women world-wide. Three-quarters of women present when the disease has spread throughout the abdomen (stage III or IV) and treatment consists of a combination - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for induction therapy in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Dec-2016
Prolonging kidney transplant survival is an important clinical priority. Induction immunosuppression with antibody therapy is recommended at transplantation and non-depleting interleukin-2 receptor monoclonal antibodies (IL2Ra) are considered first line. - Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies for treating acute rejection episodes in kidney transplant recipients
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jul-2017
Registry data shows that the incidence of acute rejection has been steadily falling. Approximately 10% to 35% of kidney recipients will undergo treatment for at least one episode of acute rejection within the first post-transplant year. Treatment options - Polyclonal anti-thymocyte globulins for the prophylaxis of graft-versus-host disease after allogeneic stem cell or bone marrow transplantation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2012
Allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is an established treatment for many malignant and non-malignant haematological disorders. Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), a condition frequently occurring after HSCT, is the result of host tiss - Polymerase chain reaction blood tests for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in immunocompromised people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Aug-2019
This is an update of the original review published in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue 10, 2015. - Polymer-based oral rehydration solution for treating acute watery diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2016
Acute diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality among children in low-income countries. Glucose-based oral rehydration solution (ORS) helps replace fluid and prevent further dehydration from acute diarrhoea. Since 2004, the World Heal - Polysaccharide vaccines for preventing serogroup A meningococcal meningitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-May-2012
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) in the 1970s and early 1980s showed the polysaccharide serogroup A vaccine (SgAV) prevented serogroup A meningococcal meningitis (SGAMM). Subsequent non-RCTs suggested significant variations in the age-specific duration - Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for drug-resistant epilepsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Aug-2016
An estimated 1% to 3% of all individuals will receive a diagnosis of epilepsy during their lives, which corresponds to approximately 50 million affected people worldwide. The real prevalence is possibly higher because epilepsy is underreported in developi - Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for schizophrenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2011
Limited evidence supports a hypothesis suggesting that the symptoms of schizophrenia may be the result of altered neuronal membrane structure and metabolism. The structure and metabolism is dependent on blood plasma levels of certain essential fatty acids - Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infancy for the prevention of allergy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2016
Early dietary intakes may influence the development of allergic disease. It is important to determine if dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) given as supplements or added to infant formula prevent the development of allergy. - Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a major problem in children and adolescents, characterised by age-inappropriate levels of inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, and is associated with long-term social, academic and mental health pr - Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for children with specific learning disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2016
About 5% of school children have a specific learning disorder, defined as unexpected failure to acquire adequate abilities in reading, writing or mathematics that is not a result of reduced intellectual ability, inadequate teaching or social deprivation. - Polyunsaturated fatty acids for the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2018
Evidence on the health effects of total polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is equivocal. Fish oils are rich in omega-3 PUFA and plant oils in omega-6 PUFA. Evidence suggests that increasing PUFA-rich foods, supplements or supplemented foods can reduce ser - Pool fencing for preventing drowning of children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jul-2010
In most industrialized countries, drowning ranks second or third behind motor vehicles and fires as a cause of unintentional injury deaths to children under the age of 15. Death rates from drowning are highest in children less than five years old. Pool fe - Population-based biomedical sexually transmitted infection control interventions for reducing HIV infection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Feb-2011
The transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is closely related to the sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Similar risk behaviours, such as frequent unprotected intercourse with different partners, place people at high - Population-based interventions for the prevention of fall-related injuries in older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Jul-2008
Fall-related injuries are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in older populations. Summary information about countermeasures that successfully address the risk factors for fall-related injuries in research settings has been widely disseminated - Population-level interventions in government jurisdictions for dietary sodium reduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2017
Excess dietary sodium consumption is a risk factor for high blood pressure, stroke and cardiovascular disease. Currently, dietary sodium consumption in almost every country is too high. Excess sodium intake is associated with high blood pressure, which is - Portion, package or tableware size for changing selection and consumption of food, alcohol and tobacco
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2018
Overeating and harmful alcohol and tobacco use have been linked to the aetiology of various non-communicable diseases, which are among the leading global causes of morbidity and premature mortality. As people are repeatedly exposed to varying sizes and sh
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