- Parenteral opioids for maternal pain management in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Jun-2018
Parenteral opioids (intramuscular and intravenous drugs including patient-controlled analgesia) are used for pain relief in labour in many countries throughout the world. This review is an update of a review first published in 2010. - Parenteral versus enteral fluid therapy for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2021
The main focus of treatment for children hospitalised with bronchiolitis is supportive, including oxygen supplementation, respiratory support, and fluid therapy. Up to half of infants hospitalised with bronchiolitis require non-oral fluid therapy due to d - Parenteral versus oral iron therapy for adults and children with chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Feb-2019
The anaemia seen in chronic kidney disease (CKD) may be exacerbated by iron deficiency. Iron can be provided through different routes, with advantages and drawbacks of each route. It remains unclear whether the potential harms and additional costs of intr - Parent‐infant psychotherapy for improving parental and infant mental health
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2015
Parent-infant psychotherapy (PIP) is a dyadic intervention that works with parent and infant together, with the aim of improving the parent-infant relationship and promoting infant attachment and optimal infant development. PIP aims to achieve this by tar - Parenting interventions for people with schizophrenia or related serious mental illness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2021
Around a third of people with schizophrenia or related serious mental illness will be a parent. Both the parents and the children in this population are at increased risk of adverse outcomes due to parental mental illness. Parenting interventions are know - Parenting interventions for the prevention of unintentional injuries in childhood
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2013
Parent education and training programmes can improve maternal psychosocial health, child behavioural problems, and parenting practices. This review assesses the effects of parenting interventions for reducing child injury. - Parent‐initiated oral corticosteroid therapy for intermittent wheezing illnesses in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Intermittent wheezing illnesses, which include viral associated wheeze and asthma, are amongst the most common reasons for children to present urgently to a doctor. Whether parents should commence oral corticosteroids (OCS) for an episode of acute wheeze - Parent‐mediated communication interventions for improving the communication skills of preschool children with non‐progressive motor disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jul-2018
Children with motor disorders can have difficulties in producing accurate and consistent movements for speech, gesture or facial expression (or a combination of these), making their communication difficult to understand. Parents may be offered training to - Parent-mediated early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2013
Young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have impairments in the areas of communication and social interaction and often display repetitive or non-compliant behaviour. This early pattern of difficulties is a challenge for parents. Therefore, ap - Parent‐mediated interventions for promoting communication and language development in young children with Down syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Oct-2018
Communication and language development are areas of particular weakness for young children with Down syndrome. Caregivers' interaction with children influences language development, so many early interventions involve training parents how best to respond - Parent‐only interventions for childhood overweight or obesity in children aged 5 to 11 years
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2015
Child and adolescent overweight and obesity have increased globally, and are associated with short- and long-term health consequences. - Parents' and informal caregivers' views and experiences of communication about routine childhood vaccination: a synthesis of qualitative evidence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Feb-2017
Childhood vaccination is an effective way to prevent serious childhood illnesses, but many children do not receive all the recommended vaccines. There are various reasons for this; some parents lack access because of poor quality health services, long dis - Paroxetine versus other anti-depressive agents for depression
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2014
Paroxetine is the most potent inhibitor of the reuptake of serotonin of all selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and has been studied in many randomised controlled trials (RCTs). However, these comparative studies provided contrasting findings - PARP (Poly ADP‐Ribose Polymerase) inhibitors for locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Apr-2021
Locally advanced and metastatic breast cancer remains a challenge to treat. With emerging study results, it is important to interpret the available clinical data and apply the evidence offering the most effective treatment to the right patient. Poly(ADP R - Pars plana vitrectomy combined with scleral buckle versus pars plana vitrectomy for giant retinal tear
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2019
A giant retinal tear (GRT) is a full-thickness neurosensory retinal break extending for 90° or more in the presence of a posterior vitreous detachment. - Pars plana vitrectomy versus scleral buckling for repairing simple rhegmatogenous retinal detachments
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2019
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is a separation of neurosensory retina from the underlying retinal pigment epithelium. It is caused by retinal tears, which let fluid pass from the vitreous cavity to the subretinal space. Pars plana vitrectomy (PPV - Partial breast irradiation versus whole breast radiotherapy for early breast cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Aug-2021
Breast-conserving therapy for women with breast cancer consists of local excision of the tumour (achieving clear margins) followed by radiotherapy (RT). Most true recurrences occur in the same quadrant as the original tumour. Whole breast radiotherapy (WB - Partial exchange transfusion to prevent neurodevelopmental disability in infants with polycythemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Hyperviscosity of blood results in increased resistance to blood flow and decreased oxygen delivery. In the neonate, hyperviscosity can cause abnormalities of central nervous system function, hypoglycemia, decreased renal function, cardiorespiratory distr - Partial liquid ventilation for preventing death and morbidity in adults with acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2013
Acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are syndromes of severe respiratory failure that are associated with substantial mortality and morbidity. Artifical ventilatory support is commonly required and may exacerbate lung inj - Partial liquid ventilation for the prevention of mortality and morbidity in paediatric acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Feb-2013
Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome are syndromes of severe respiratory failure. Children with acute lung injury or acute respiratory distress syndrome have high mortality and the survivors have significant morbidity. Partial liquid
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