- Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute gallstone pancreatitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Aug-2013
Gallstones and alcohol account for more than 80% of acute pancreatitis. Cholecystectomy is the definitive treatment for gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the preferred route for performing cholecystectomy. The timing of laparoscopic cholecystect - Early versus delayed laparoscopic cholecystectomy for uncomplicated biliary colic
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jun-2013
Uncomplicated biliary colic is one of the commonest indications for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy involves several months of waiting if performed electively. However, people can develop life-threatening complications during th - Early versus delayed mobilisation for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Apr-2013
Rebleeding is an important cause of death and disability in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH). In order to prevent rebleeding, the preferred strategy is aneurysm ablation (removal) as early as possible. However, in clinical practice - Early versus late administration of amino acids in preterm infants receiving parenteral nutrition
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2013
Observational studies in preterm newborns suggest that delay in administering amino acids could result in a protein catabolic state and could impact on growth and development. - Early versus late chest radiotherapy in patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2010
This is an update of the original review published in Issue 1, 2005. It is standard clinical practice to combine chemotherapy and chest radiotherapy in treating patients with limited-stage small cell lung cancer. However, the best way to integrate both mo - Early versus late discontinuation of oxygen in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2009
It has been hypothesized that the duration of supplemental oxygen administration, independent of the oxygen concentration, gestational age and/or birth weight, is influential in the development of severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Concern regarding - Early versus late initiation of epidural analgesia for labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Oct-2014
Pain during childbirth is arguably the most severe pain some women may experience in their lifetime. Epidural analgesia is an effective form of pain relief during labour. Many women have concerns regarding its safety. Furthermore, epidural services and an - Early versus late removal of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) for general anaesthesia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Aug-2015
The laryngeal mask airway (LMA) is a safe and effective modality to maintain the airway for general anaesthesia during surgical procedures. The LMA is removed at the end of surgery and anaesthesia, when the patient maintains an adequate respiratory rate a - Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jul-2014
Echinacea plant preparations (family Asteraceae) are widely used in Europe and North America for common colds. Most consumers and physicians are not aware that products available under the term Echinacea differ appreciably in their composition, mainly du - Eculizumab for treating patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2014
Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a chronic, not malignant, disease of the hematopoietic stem cells, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a rare disease with an estimated incidence of 1.3 new cases per one million individu - Edaravone for acute intracerebral haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jan-2011
Intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) causes significant morbidity and mortality. Prognosis for ICH patients is poor. Edaravone may be safe and effective in reducing the risk of early death and improving long-term functional outcomes in survivors. - Edaravone for acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Oct-2011
Neuroprotection is a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Edaravone is a neuroprotective agent that has been widely used in China, and several studies have suggested that it may be beneficial in acute ischaemic strok - Education interventions for adults who attend the emergency room for acute asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Apr-2013
The use of educational and behavioural interventions in the management of chronic asthma have a strong evidence base. There may be a role for educative interventions following presentation in an emergency setting in adults. - Education programmes for people with diabetic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2011
Adherence to complex regimens for patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is often poor. Interventions to enhance adherence require intensive education and behavioural counselling. However, whether the existing evidence is scientifically rigorous and - Educational and skills-based interventions for preventing relationship and dating violence in adolescents and young adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Educational and skills-based interventions are often used to prevent relationship and dating violence among young people. - Efavirenz or nevirapine in three-drug combination therapy with two nucleoside or nucleotide-reverse transcriptase inhibitors for initial treatment of HIV infection in antiretroviral-naïve individuals
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Dec-2016
The advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART) has reduced the morbidity and mortality due to HIV infection. The World Health Organization (WHO) ART guidelines focus on three classes of antiretroviral drugs, namely nucleoside or nucleotide rever - Effect of antihypertensive drugs on mortality, morbidity and blood pressure in blacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Black people have a greater prevalence of elevated blood pressure leading to excess morbidity and mortality. - Effect of longer-term modest salt reduction on blood pressure
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2013
A reduction in salt intake lowers blood pressure (BP) and, thereby, reduces cardiovascular risk. A recent meta-analysis by Graudal implied that salt reduction had adverse effects on hormones and lipids which might mitigate any benefit that occurs with BP - Effect of partograph use on outcomes for women in spontaneous labour at term and their babies
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Aug-2018
The partograph (sometimes known as partogram) is usually a pre-printed paper form on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partograph is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, and to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in m - Effect of taurine supplementation on growth and development in preterm or low birth weight infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2010
Taurine is the most abundant free amino acid in breast milk. Evidence exists that taurine has important roles in intestinal fat absorption, hepatic function, and auditory and visual development in preterm or low birth weight infants. Observational data su
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