- Optimal time for initiation of antiretroviral therapy in asymptomatic, HIV-infected, treatment-naive adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
According to consensus, initiation of therapy is best based on CD4 cell count, a marker of immune status, rather than on viral load, a marker of virologic replication. For patients with advanced symptoms, treatment should be started regardless of CD4 coun - Optimal timing for intravascular administration set replacement
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2018
The tubing (administration set) attached to both venous and arterial catheters may contribute to bacteraemia and other infections. The rate of infection may be increased or decreased by routine replacement of administration sets. This review was originall - Optimisation of antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children under 3 years of age
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Mar-2014
In the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), over 50% of HIV-infected infants progress to AIDS and death by 2 years of age. However, there are challenges to initiation of ART in early life, including the possibility of drug resistance in the context of - Optimisation of chemotherapy and radiotherapy for untreated Hodgkin lymphoma patients with respect to second malignant neoplasms, overall and progression-free survival: individual participant data analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Sep-2017
Efficacy and the risk of severe late effects have to be well-balanced in treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL). Late adverse effects include secondary malignancies which often have a poor prognosis. To synthesise evidence on the risk of secondary malignancie - Optimum duration of regimens for Helicobacter pylori eradication
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2013
The optimal duration for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapy is controversial, with recommendations ranging from 7 to 14 days. Several systematic reviews have attempted to address this issue but have given conflicting results and limited t - Options for self-management education for adults with asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Mar-2009
Asthma education and self-management are key recommendations of asthma management guidelines because they improve health outcomes. There are several different modalities for the delivery of asthma self-management education. - Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for induction of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2016
Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs in doses of at least 2 g/day, were more effective than - Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of medically-induced remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Sep-2016
The prevention of relapse is a major issue in the management of Crohn's disease. Corticosteroids, the mainstay of treatment of acute exacerbations, are not effective for maintenance of remission and its chronic use is limited by numerous adverse events. R - Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2016
Oral 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) preparations were intended to avoid the adverse effects of sulfasalazine (SASP) while maintaining its therapeutic benefits. Previously, it was found that 5-ASA drugs were more effective than placebo but had a statistically si - Oral 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of surgically-induced remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jun-2019
Crohn’s disease (CD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder that can involve any part of the gastrointestinal tract. 5-Aminosalicylates (5-ASAs) are locally acting, anti-inflammatory compounds that reduce inflammation of the colonic mucosa with release profil - Oral adsorbents for preventing or delaying the progression of chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Oct-2014
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a worldwide public health problem which is at high increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and renal failure. Deterioration of kidney function causes an increase in circulating toxins, which, in turn promotes the pro - Oral analgesia for relieving post-caesarean pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Apr-2015
Oral analgesia is a convenient and widely used form of pain relief following caesarean section. It includes various medications used at different doses alone or in adjunction to other form of analgesia. - Oral and sublingual immunotherapy for egg allergy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Apr-2018
Clinical egg allergy is a common food allergy. Current management relies upon strict allergen avoidance. Oral immunotherapy might be an optional treatment, through desensitization to egg allergen. - Oral antibiotics versus parenteral antibiotics for severe pneumonia in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-May-2009
Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children under five years of age in developing countries. When hospitalisation is required, the usual practice includes administering parenteral antibiotics if a - Oral anticoagulants for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no previous history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2008
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with an increased risk of stroke mediated by embolism of stasis-precipitated thrombi from the left atrial appendage. - Oral anticoagulants versus antiplatelet therapy for preventing stroke in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation and no history of stroke or transient ischemic attacks
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2011
Non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) carries an increased risk of stroke mediated by embolism of stasis-precipitated thrombi originating in the left atrial appendage. Both oral anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents have proven effective for stroke preve - Oral anti-diabetic agents for women with established diabetes/impaired glucose tolerance or previous gestational diabetes planning pregnancy, or pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2017
While most guidance recommends the use of insulin in women whose pregnancies are affected by pre-existing diabetes, oral anti-diabetic agents may be more acceptable to women. The effects of these oral anti-diabetic agents on maternal and infant health out - Oral anti-diabetic pharmacological therapies for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2017
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a major public health issue with rates increasing globally. Gestational diabetes, glucose intolerance first recognised during pregnancy, usually resolves after birth and is associated with short- and long-term compli - Oral antifungal medication for toenail onychomycosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jul-2017
Fungal infection of the toenails, also called onychomycosis, is a common problem that causes damage to the nail's structure and physical appearance. For those severely affected, it can interfere with normal daily activities. Treatment is taken orally or a - Oral antihistamine-decongestant-analgesic combinations for the common cold
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Dec-2011
Although combination formulas containing antihistamines, decongestants and/or analgesics are sold over-the-counter (OTC) in large quantities for the common cold, the evidence of effectiveness is limited.
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