- Male involvement for increasing the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child HIV transmission (PMTCT) programmes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Sep-2012
Despite efforts to increase the uptake of prevention of mother to child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) services, coverage is still lower than desired in developing countries. A lack of male partner involvement in PMTCT services is a major barrier for women t - Mammographic density, endocrine therapy and breast cancer risk: a prognostic and predictive biomarker review
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Oct-2021
Endocrine therapy is effective at preventing or treating breast cancer. Some forms of endocrine therapy have been shown to reduce mammographic density. Reduced mammographic density for women receiving endocrine therapy could be used to estimate the chance - Mammography in combination with breast ultrasonography versus mammography for breast cancer screening in women at average risk
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Mar-2013
Breast cancer is the most common malignant disease diagnosed in women worldwide. Screening with mammography has the ability to detect breast cancer at an early stage. The diagnostic accuracy of mammography screening largely depends on the radiographic den - Managed alcohol as a harm reduction intervention for alcohol addiction in populations at high risk for substance abuse
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Oct-2012
Managed alcohol programmes (MAP) are a harm reduction strategy used to minimise the personal harm and adverse societal effects that alcohol dependence can lead to by providing an alternative to zero-tolerance approaches that incorporate drinking goals (ab - Management for intussusception in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Jun-2017
Intussusception is a common abdominal emergency in children with significant morbidity. Prompt diagnosis and management reduces associated risks and the need for surgical intervention. Despite widespread agreement on the use of contrast enema as opposed t - Management of drainage for malignant ascites in gynaecological cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Dec-2019
Ascites is the accumulation of fluid within the abdominal cavity. Most women with advanced ovarian cancer and some women with advanced endometrial cancer need repeated drainage for ascites. Guidelines to advise those involved in the drainage of ascites ar - Management of faecal incontinence and constipation in adults with central neurological diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jan-2014
People with central neurological disease or injury have a much higher risk of both faecal incontinence and constipation than the general population. There is often a fine line between the two symptoms, with any management intended to ameliorate one riskin - Management of gag reflex for patients undergoing dental treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2019
The gag reflex is an involuntary defence mechanism to protect the pharynx and throat from foreign objects. Gagging is a common problem encountered during dental treatment, making therapeutic procedures distressing and often difficult or even impossible to - Management of people with early‐ or very early‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2017
Hepatocellular carcinoma (primary liver cancer) is classified in many ways. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) group staging classifies the cancer based on patient's life expectancy. People with very early- or early-stage hepatocellular carcinoma ha - Management of people with intermediate‐stage hepatocellular carcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Mar-2017
There is significant uncertainty in the treatment of intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma which is defined by the Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) as hepatocellular carcinoma stage B with large, multi-nodular, Child-Pugh status A to B, performa - Management of reported decreased fetal movements for improving pregnancy outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2012
Clinical observations indicate that mothers commonly perceive a reduction in, or absence of, the baby's movements for some days preceding a baby's death. For this reason, fetal movement monitoring is advised by caregivers and used spontaneously by mothers - Management of sexual dysfunction due to antipsychotic drug therapy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Nov-2012
Psychotropic drugs are associated with sexual dysfunction. Symptoms may concern penile erection, lubrication, orgasm, libido, retrograde ejaculation, sexual arousal, or overall sexual satisfaction. These are major aspects of tolerability and can highly af - Management of toxoplasmic encephalitis in HIV‐infected adults (with an emphasis on resource‐poor settings)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Cerebral toxoplasmosis or toxoplasmic meningoencephalitis (hereafter referred to as TE) was one of the first opportunistic infections to be described in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected patients. Treatment of TE has been relatively successful - Management strategies for pancreatic pseudocysts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Apr-2016
Pancreatic pseudocysts are walled-off peripancreatic fluid collections. There is considerable uncertainty about how pancreatic pseudocysts should be treated. - Managements for people with disorders of sexual preference and for convicted sexual offenders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Aug-2012
The reviewers recognise that it may be thought that convicted sex offenders and those with disorders of sexual preference are quite different groups. In combining them within this review we have taken the view that legal process alone should not define th - Managerial supervision to improve primary health care in low‐ and middle‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2011
Primary healthcare (PHC) workers often work alone or in isolation. Healthcare managerial supervision is recommended to help assure quality; but this requires skilled supervisors and takes time and resources. It is therefore important to assess to what ext - Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Sep-2015
Manipulation and mobilisation are commonly used to treat neck pain. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2003, and previously updated in 2010. - Manipulative interventions for reducing pulled elbow in young children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Jul-2017
Pulled elbow (nursemaid's elbow) is a common injury in young children. It often results from a sudden pull on the arm, usually by an adult or taller person, which pulls the radius through the annular ligament, resulting in subluxation (partial dislocation - Manipulative therapies for infantile colic
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2012
Infantile colic is a common disorder, affecting around one in six families, and in 2001 was reported to cost the UK National Health Service in excess of £65 million per year (Morris 2001). Although it usually remits by six months of age, there is some evi - Mannitol and other osmotic diuretics as adjuncts for treating cerebral malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Apr-2011
Cerebral oedema occurs with cerebral malaria, and some clinicians think osmotic diuretics, such as mannitol or urea, may improve outcomes.
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