- Mechanical bowel preparation for elective colorectal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2011
The presence of bowel contents during colorectal surgery has been related to anastomotic leakage, but the belief that mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) is an efficient agent against leakage and infectious complications is based on observational data and - Mechanical devices for urinary incontinence in women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2014
Incontinence can have a devastating effect on the lives of sufferers with significant economic implications. Non-surgical treatments such as pelvic floor muscle training and the use of mechanical devices are usually the first line of management, particula - Mechanical dilatation of the cervix during elective caesarean section before the onset of labour for reducing postoperative morbidity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Nov-2018
During elective (planned) caesarean sections, some obstetricians routinely dilate the cervix intraoperatively, using sponge forceps, a finger, or other instruments, because the cervix of women not in labour may not be dilated, and this may cause obstructi - Mechanical insufflation-exsufflation for people with neuromuscular disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Dec-2013
People with neuromuscular disorders (NMDs) may have weak respiratory (breathing) muscles which makes it difficult for them to effectively cough and clear mucus from the lungs. This places them at risk of recurrent chest infections and chronic lung disease - Mechanical traction for neck pain with or without radiculopathy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
Neck pain is a frequently reported complaint of the musculoskeletal system which can be disabling and costly to society. Mechanical traction is often used as an adjunct therapy in outpatient rehabilitation. - Mechanical ventilation for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/motor neuron disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jun-2018
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor neuron disease, is a fatal neurodegenerative disease. Neuromuscular respiratory failure is the most common cause of death, which usually occurs within two to five years of the disease onset. Support - Mechanical ventilation for newborn infants with respiratory failure due to pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2013
Mechanical ventilation (MV) for critically ill neonates was introduced in the 1960s and is now standard treatment for infants with severe RDS. However, the degree to which this made a contribution to the outcome of such infants is uncertain. - Media campaigns for the prevention of illicit drug use in young people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-May-2013
Substance-specific mass media campaigns which address young people are widely used to prevent illicit drug use. They aim to reduce use and raise awareness of the problem. - Media-based behavioural treatments for behavioural problems in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Many approaches are used to address behavioural problems in childhood including medication or, more usually, psychological treatments either directly with the child and/or his/her family. Behavioural and cognitive-behavioural interventions have been shown - Media-delivered cognitive behavioural therapy and behavioural therapy (self-help) for anxiety disorders in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2013
Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health problems. They are chronic and unremitting. Effective treatments are available, but access to services is limited. Media-delivered behavioural and cognitive behavioural interventions (self-help) aim to d - Mediastinal chest drain clearance for cardiac surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2010
Cardiac tamponade may occur following cardiac surgery as a result of blood or fluid collecting in the pericardial space compressing the heart and reducing cardiac output. Mediastinal chest drains (including pericardial drains) are inserted as standard pos - Medical adjuvant treatment to increase patency of arteriovenous fistulae and grafts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2015
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients often require either the formation of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or an AV interposition prosthetic shunt for haemodialysis. These access sites should ideally have a long life and a low rate of complications (for - Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2017
Nephrolithiasis, or urinary stone disease, in children causes significant morbidity, and is increasing in prevalence in the North American population. Therefore, medical and dietary interventions (MDI) for recurrent urinary stones in children are poised t - Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of usual-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
Usual-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) is a pre-cancerous condition of the vulval skin. Also known as high-grade VIN, VIN 2/3 or high-grade vulval squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), uVIN is associated with high-risk subtype human papillom - Medical and surgical treatment for ocular myasthenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2017
Approximately 50% of people with myasthenia gravis present with purely ocular symptoms, so called ocular myasthenia. Of these between 50% to 60% develop generalized disease, most within two years. Their management is controversial. This is an update of a - Medical anti-shock trousers (pneumatic anti-shock garments) for circulatory support in patients with trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2009
Medical antishock trousers (MAST) have been used to increase venous return to the heart until definitive care could be given. This, combined with compression of blood vessels, is believed to cause the movement of blood from the lower body to the brain, he - Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2015
The proportion of the world's population aged over 60 years is increasing. Therefore, there is a need to examine different methods of healthcare provision for this population. Medical day hospitals provide multidisciplinary health services to older people - Medical interventions for acanthamoeba keratitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2015
Acanthamoeba are microscopic, free-living, single-celled organisms which can infect the eye and lead to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK can result in loss of vision in the infected eye or loss of eye itself; however, there are no formal guidelines or sta - Medical interventions for fungal keratitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2015
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea. It is common in lower income countries, particularly in agricultural areas but relatively uncommon in higher income countries. Although there are medications available, their effectiveness is unclear. - Medical interventions for high-grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
This is an updated version of a review first published in theCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4, in 2011. Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a pre-cancerous condition of the vulval skin and its incidence is increasing in women under 5
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