- Medical adjuvant treatment to increase patency of arteriovenous fistulae and grafts
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2015
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients often require either the formation of an arteriovenous (AV) fistula or an AV interposition prosthetic shunt for haemodialysis. These access sites should ideally have a long life and a low rate of complications (for - Medical and dietary interventions for preventing recurrent urinary stones in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2017
Nephrolithiasis, or urinary stone disease, in children causes significant morbidity, and is increasing in prevalence in the North American population. Therefore, medical and dietary interventions (MDI) for recurrent urinary stones in children are poised t - Medical and surgical abortion for women living with HIV
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2018
The World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for safe abortion recommend medical abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol or surgical abortion with vacuum aspiration or dilation and evacuation as safe and effective options for women. However, no speci - Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of urinary stones in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Sep-2019
Urolithiasis is a condition where crystalline mineral deposits (stones) form within the urinary tract. Urinary stones can be located in any part of the urinary tract. Affected children may present with abdominal pain, blood in the urine or signs of infect - Medical and surgical interventions for the treatment of usual-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
Usual-type vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (uVIN) is a pre-cancerous condition of the vulval skin. Also known as high-grade VIN, VIN 2/3 or high-grade vulval squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), uVIN is associated with high-risk subtype human papillom - Medical and surgical treatment for ocular myasthenia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2017
Approximately 50% of people with myasthenia gravis present with purely ocular symptoms, so called ocular myasthenia. Of these between 50% to 60% develop generalized disease, most within two years. Their management is controversial. This is an update of a - Medical anti-shock trousers (pneumatic anti-shock garments) for circulatory support in patients with trauma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Aug-2009
Medical antishock trousers (MAST) have been used to increase venous return to the heart until definitive care could be given. This, combined with compression of blood vessels, is believed to cause the movement of blood from the lower body to the brain, he - Medical day hospital care for older people versus alternative forms of care
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2015
The proportion of the world's population aged over 60 years is increasing. Therefore, there is a need to examine different methods of healthcare provision for this population. Medical day hospitals provide multidisciplinary health services to older people - Medical interventions for acanthamoeba keratitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Feb-2015
Acanthamoeba are microscopic, free-living, single-celled organisms which can infect the eye and lead to Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). AK can result in loss of vision in the infected eye or loss of eye itself; however, there are no formal guidelines or sta - Medical interventions for chronic rhinosinusitis in cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Oct-2019
Chronic rhinosinusitis frequently occurs in people with cystic fibrosis. Several medical interventions are available for treating chronic rhinosinusitis in people with cystic fibrosis; for example, different concentrations of nasal saline irrigations, top - Medical interventions for fungal keratitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Apr-2015
Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea. It is common in lower income countries, particularly in agricultural areas but relatively uncommon in higher income countries. Although there are medications available, their effectiveness is unclear. - Medical interventions for high‐grade vulval intraepithelial neoplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Sep-2016
This is an updated version of a review first published in theCochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 4, in 2011. Vulval intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) is a pre-cancerous condition of the vulval skin and its incidence is increasing in women under 5 - Medical interventions for primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-Oct-2008
Primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) is a progressive optic neuropathy with an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), where the optic nerve head becomes pathologically excavated and the visual field (VF) is characteristically altered. Ocular hypertension (OHT - Medical interventions for the prevention of platinum‐induced hearing loss in children with cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-May-2019
Platinum-based therapy, including cisplatin, carboplatin, oxaliplatin or a combination of these, is used to treat a variety of paediatric malignancies. One of the most significant adverse effects is the occurrence of hearing loss or ototoxicity. In an eff - Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Jan-2019
Traumatic hyphema is the entry of blood into the anterior chamber (the space between the cornea and iris) subsequent to a blow or a projectile striking the eye. Hyphema uncommonly causes permanent loss of vision. Associated trauma (e.g. corneal staining, - Medical interventions for treating anthracycline‐induced symptomatic and asymptomatic cardiotoxicity during and after treatment for childhood cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Aug-2016
Anthracyclines are frequently used chemotherapeutic agents for childhood cancer that can cause cardiotoxicity during and after treatment. Although several medical interventions in adults with symptomatic or asymptomatic cardiac dysfunction due to other ca - Medical methods for first trimester abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Oct-2011
Surgical abortion by vacuum aspiration or dilatation and curettage has been the method of choice for early pregnancy termination since the 1960s. Medical abortion became an alternative method of first trimester pregnancy termination with the availability - Medical methods for mid‐trimester termination of pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2011
With the improvement of ultrasound technology, the likelihood of detection of major fetal structural anomalies in mid-pregnancy has increased considerably. Upon the detection of serious anomalies, women typically are offered the option of pregnancy termin - Medical treatment for botulism
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Apr-2019
Botulism is an acute paralytic illness caused by a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum. Supportive care, including intensive care, is key, but the role of other medical treatments is unclear. This is an update of a review first published in 2011. - Medical treatment for early fetal death (less than 24 weeks)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2019
In most pregnancies that miscarry, arrest of embryonic or fetal development occurs some time (often weeks) before the miscarriage occurs. Ultrasound examination can reveal abnormal findings during this phase by demonstrating anembryonic pregnancies or emb
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