- Antibiotics for exacerbations of asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jun-2018
Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition that affects over 300 million adults and children worldwide. It is characterised by wheeze, cough, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. Symptoms typically are intermittent and may worsen over a short time, le - Antibiotics for exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2018
Many patients with an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are treated with antibiotics. However, the value of antibiotics remains uncertain, as systematic reviews and clinical trials have shown conflicting results. - Antibiotics for gonorrhoea in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jun-2014
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can be transmitted from the mother's genital tract to the newborn during birth and can cause gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum as well as systemic neonatal infection. It can also cause endometritis and pelvic sepsis in the mother. - Antibiotics for incomplete abortion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Apr-2008
Unsafe abortions result not only in costs for acute care but may also be responsible for longer-term complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease, damage to reproductive organs, and secondary infertility. If effective, antibiotic prophylaxis at the t - Antibiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Feb-2019
Several antibiotics have been evaluated in Crohn's disease (CD), however randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have produced conflicting results. - Antibiotics for leptospirosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jan-2012
Leptospirosis has a wide-ranging clinical and public health impact. Leptospira are globally distributed. Case attack rates are as high as 1:4 to 2:5 persons in exposed populations. In some settings mortality has exceeded 10% of infected people. The benefi - Antibiotics for mastitis in breastfeeding women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2012
Mastitis can be caused by ineffective positioning of the baby at the breast or restricted feeding. Infective mastitis is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus. The prevalence of mastitis in breastfeeding women may reach 33%. Effective milk removal, pai - Antibiotics for meconium-stained amniotic fluid in labour for preventing maternal and neonatal infections
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Nov-2014
Chorioamnionitis is more likely to occur when meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF) is present. Meconium may enhance the growth of bacteria in amniotic fluid by serving as a growth factor, inhibiting bacteriostatic properties of amniotic fluid. Many adve - Antibiotics for neonates born through meconium-stained amniotic fluid
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2017
Approximately 1 in 10 pregnancies is affected by meconium passage at delivery, which can result in meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS). MAS can cause respiratory complications and, very rarely, death. Antibiotics have been prescribed for neonates exposed t - Antibiotics for otitis media with effusion in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jun-2016
Otitis media with effusion (OME) is characterised by an accumulation of fluid in the middle ear behind an intact tympanic membrane, without the symptoms or signs of acute infection. Since most cases of OME will resolve spontaneously, only children with pe - Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Aug-2017
Bronchiolitis is a common acute respiratory condition with high prevalence worldwide. This clinically diagnosed syndrome is manifested by tachypnoea (rapid breathing), with crackles or wheeze in young children. In the acute phase of bronchiolitis (= 14 da - Antibiotics for persistent nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Dec-2007
Nasal discharge (rhinosinusitis) is extremely common in children. It is the result of inflammation of the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract, and is usually due to either infection or allergy. Infections may be caused by bacteria. - Antibiotics for prelabour rupture of membranes at or near term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2014
Prelabour rupture of the membranes (PROM) at or near term (defined in this review as 36 weeks' gestation or beyond) increases the risk of infection for the woman and her baby. The routine use of antibiotics for women at the time of term PROM may reduce th - Antibiotics for preterm rupture of membranes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Dec-2013
Premature birth carries substantial neonatal morbidity and mortality. Subclinical infection is associated with preterm rupture of membranes (PROM). Prophylactic maternal antibiotic therapy might lessen infectious morbidity and delay labour, but could supp - Antibiotics for preventing complications in children with measles
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Aug-2013
Measles is the leading killer among vaccine-preventable diseases; it is responsible for an estimated 44% of the 1.7 million vaccine-preventable deaths among children annually. - Antibiotics for preventing infection in open limb fractures
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2009
Wound and bone infections are frequently associated with open fractures of the extremities and may add significantly to the resulting morbidity. The administration of antibiotics is routinely practised in developed countries as an adjunct to a comprehensi - Antibiotics for preventing leptospirosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-May-2009
Leptospirosis is an infectious disease transmitted by animals. Death occurs in about five per cent of the patients. In clinical practice, doxycycline is widely used for prevention. - Antibiotics for preventing lower respiratory tract infections in high-risk children aged 12 years and under
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Sep-2015
Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in young children account for 1.4 million deaths annually worldwide. Antibiotics could be beneficial in preventing LRTIs in high-risk children, and may also help prevent school absenteeism and work days missed by - Antibiotics for preventing recurrent sore throat
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Jul-2015
Antibiotics are sometimes used to prevent recurrent sore throat, despite concern about resistance. However, there is conflicting primary evidence regarding their effectiveness. - Antibiotics for preventing recurrent urinary tract infection in non-pregnant women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Aug-2008
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common health care problem. Recurrent UTI (RUTI) in healthy non-pregnant women is defined as three or more episodes of UTI during a twelve month period. Long-term antibiotics have been proposed as a prevention strategy f
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