- Levonorgestrel intrauterine system for endometrial protection in women with breast cancer on adjuvant tamoxifen
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Dec-2020
Adjuvant tamoxifen reduces the risk of breast cancer recurrence in women with oestrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Tamoxifen also increases the risk of postmenopausal bleeding, endometrial polyps, hyperplasia, and endometrial cancer. The levonorgest - Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine device (LNG‐IUD) for symptomatic endometriosis following surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Dec-2021
Endometriosis is a condition characterised by the presence of ectopic deposits of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus, usually in the pelvis. The impact of laparoscopic treatment on overall pain is uncertain and a significant proportion of women wi - Levonorgestrel‐releasing intrauterine system for endometrial hyperplasia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Sep-2020
In the absence of treatment, endometrial hyperplasia (EH) can progress to endometrial cancer, particularly in the presence of histologic nuclear atypia. The development of EH results from exposure of the endometrium to oestrogen unopposed by progesterone. - Levothyroxine or minimally invasive therapies for benign thyroid nodules
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Jul-2014
Thyroid nodules (TN) are common in the adult population. Some physicians use suppressive levothyroxine (LT4) therapy to achieve a reduction in the number and volume of TN. In addition, minimally invasive treatments, such as percutaneous ethanol injection - LHRH agonists for adjuvant therapy of early breast cancer in premenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Approximately 60% of breast cancers amongst premenopausal women express the nuclear oestrogen receptor (ER+ breast cancer). Adjuvant endocrine therapy is an integral component of care for ER+ breast cancer, exerting its effect by reducing the availability - Liberal versus conservative fluid therapy in adults and children with sepsis or septic shock
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Dec-2018
Sepsis and septic shock are potentially life-threatening complications of infection that are associated with high morbidity and mortality in adults and children. Fluid therapy is regarded as a crucial intervention during initial treatment of sepsis. Wheth - Lidocaine for preventing postoperative sore throat
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jul-2015
Sore throat is a common side-effect of general anaesthesia and is reported by between 30% and 70% of patients after tracheal intubation. The likelihood of a sore throat varies with the type, diameter, and cuff pressure of the endotracheal tube used. If in - Lidocaine for reducing propofol‐induced pain on induction of anaesthesia in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Feb-2016
Pain on propofol injection is an untoward effect and this condition can reduce patient satisfaction. Intravenous lidocaine injection has been commonly used to attenuate pain on propofol injection. Although many studies have reported that lidocaine was eff - Lidocaine-prilocaine cream for analgesia during circumcision in newborn boys
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Apr-2015
Neonates routinely undergo tissue-damaging interventions as part of medical treatment. The skin is the site of noxious stimulation for many procedures, including circumcision. EMLA (eutectic mixture of local anesthetics) penetrates intact skin and has the - Life skills programmes for chronic mental illnesses
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Jan-2012
Most people with schizophrenia have a cyclical pattern of illness characterised by remission and relapses. The illness can reduce the ability of self-care and functioning and can lead to the illness becoming disabling. Life skills programmes, emphasising - Lifestyle changes for treating psoriasis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Jul-2019
Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that presents with itching, red, scaling plaques; its worsening has been associated with obesity, drinking, smoking, lack of sleep, and a sedentary lifestyle. Lifestyle changes may improve psoriasis. - Lifestyle changes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2019
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects 8% to 13% of reproductive-aged women and is associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunction. Obesity worsens the presentation of PCOS and weight management (weight loss, maintenance or prevention of excess w - Lifestyle interventions for acute gout
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Oct-2013
Although lifestyle interventions are often recommended in the management of chronic gout, the evidence from trial data of the benefits and safety of using lifestyle interventions for treating acute gout attacks have not previously been examined in a syste - Lifestyle interventions for chronic gout
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Although lifestyle interventions are commonly recommended in the management of patients with chronic gout, the evidence from trial data for their benefits and safety has not been previously examined in a systematic review. - Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of urinary incontinence in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Dec-2015
Low cost, non-invasive alterations in lifestyle are frequently recommended by healthcare professionals or those presenting with incontinence. However, such recommendations are rarely based on good evidence. - Lifestyle interventions for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-May-2017
Gestational diabetes (GDM) is glucose intolerance, first recognised in pregnancy and usually resolving after birth. GDM is associated with both short- and long-term adverse effects for the mother and her infant. Lifestyle interventions are the primary the - Lifestyle modification for obstructive sleep apnoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Obstructive sleep apnoeas are due to transient closure of the upper airway during sleep and merge into hypopnoeas in which the airway narrows, but some airflow continues. They are due to the forces compressing the airway overcoming those which stabilise i - Lifestyle modifications for nonalcohol‐related fatty liver disease: a network meta‐analysis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2021
The prevalence of nonalcohol-related fatty liver disease (NAFLD) varies between 19% and 33% in different populations. NAFLD decreases life expectancy and increases the risks of liver cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and requirement for liver transplan - Light therapies for acne
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Sep-2016
Acne vulgaris is a very common skin problem that presents with blackheads, whiteheads, and inflamed spots. It frequently results in physical scarring and may cause psychological distress. The use of oral and topical treatments can be limited in some peopl - Light therapy for improving cognition, activities of daily living, sleep, challenging behaviour, and psychiatric disturbances in dementia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2014
Rest-activity and sleep-wake cycles are controlled by the endogenous circadian rhythm generated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Degenerative changes in the SCN appear to be a biological basis for circadian disturbances in people w
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