- Lobeline for smoking cessation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2012
Lobeline is a partial nicotine agonist, which has been used in a variety of commercially available preparations to help stop smoking. - Local anaesthetic eye drops for prevention of pain in preterm infants undergoing screening for retinopathy of prematurity
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Dec-2011
Screening examinations for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are performed routinely in the neonatal intensive care unit and are a recognised cause of pain in the newborn. - Local anaesthetic nerve block for pain management in labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Sep-2015
Local anaesthetic nerve block is an important modality for pain management in labour. Pudendal and paracervical block (PCB) are most commonly performed local anaesthetic nerve blocks which have been used for decades. - Local anaesthetic sympathetic blockade for complex regional pain syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
This review is an update of a previously published review in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2005, Issue 4 (and last updated in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 issue 8), on local anaesthetic blockade (LASB) of the sympatheti - Local anaesthetic wound infiltration and abdominal nerves block during caesarean section for postoperative pain relief
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-May-2009
Caesarean section delivery is becoming more frequent. Childbirth is an emotion-filled event and the mother needs to bond with her newborn baby as early as possible. Any intervention that leads to improvement in pain relief is worthy of investigation. Loca - Local anaesthetics and regional anaesthesia versus conventional analgesia for preventing persistent postoperative pain in adults and children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Feb-2019
Regional anaesthesia may reduce the rate of persistent postoperative pain (PPP), a frequent and debilitating condition. This review was originally published in 2012 and updated in 2017. - Local cooling for relieving pain from perineal trauma sustained during childbirth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Perineal trauma is common during childbirth and may be painful. Contemporary maternity practice includes offering women numerous forms of pain relief, including the local application of cooling treatments. This Cochrane Review is an update of a review las - Local corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2008
Carpal tunnel syndrome is a clinical syndrome manifested by signs and symptoms of irritation of the median nerve at the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Local corticosteroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome has been studied but its effectiveness is unknown - Local interventions for the management of alveolar osteitis (dry socket)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2012
Alveolar osteitis (dry socket) is a complication of dental extractions and occurs more commonly in extractions involving mandibular molar teeth. It is associated with severe pain developing 2 to 3 days postoperatively, a socket that may be partially or to - Local intramuscular transplantation of autologous mononuclear cells for critical lower limb ischaemia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2014
Peripheral arterial disease is a major health problem, and in about 1% to 2% of patients the disease progresses to critical limb ischaemia (CLI). In a substantial number of patients with CLI, no effective treatment option other than amputation is availabl - Local oestrogen for vaginal atrophy in postmenopausal women
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Nov-2016
Vaginal atrophy is a frequent complaint of postmenopausal women; symptoms include vaginal dryness, itching, discomfort and painful intercourse. Systemic treatment for these symptoms in the form of oral hormone replacement therapy is not always necessary. - Local opinion leaders: effects on professional practice and healthcare outcomes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jun-2019
Clinical practice is not always evidence-based and, therefore, may not optimise patient outcomes. Local opinion leaders (OLs) are individuals perceived as credible and trustworthy, who disseminate and implement best evidence, for instance through informal - Local versus general anaesthesia for adults undergoing pars plana vitrectomy surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Sep-2016
Vitrectomy surgery is one of the commonest ophthalmic procedures performed across the world. It may be performed using general or local anaesthesia encompassing regional or topical anaesthesia depending on a number of factors, including patient suitabilit - Local versus general anaesthesia for carotid endarterectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Dec-2013
Carotid endarterectomy may significantly reduce the risk of stroke in people with recently symptomatic, severe carotid artery stenosis. However, there are significant perioperative risks that may be reduced by performing the operation under local rather t - Localization techniques for guided surgical excision of non-palpable breast lesions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2015
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer and the second leading cause of death amongst women in Europe. Amongst five invasive cancers per 1000 women detected in screening, 2.7 were < 15 mm in diameter; and others reported that over one third of exc - Locomotor training for walking after spinal cord injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 18-Oct-2012
A traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a lesion of neural elements of the spinal cord that can result in any degree of sensory and motor deficit, autonomic or bowel dysfunction. Improvement of locomotor function is one of the primary goals for people wit - Long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation in infants born at term
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Mar-2017
The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are considered essential for maturation of the developing brain, retina and other organs in newborn infants. Standard infant milk formulae are not sup - Long versus short course treatment with metformin and clomiphene citrate for ovulation induction in women with PCOS
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Nov-2012
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrinopathy among reproductive-aged women. Apart from infertility, women with PCOS often have other endocrine disorders, including insulin resistance, hyperinsulinaemia and hyperandrogenism. Metformin - Long versus short inspiratory times in neonates receiving mechanical ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
When intermittent positive pressure ventilation (IPPV) was introduced in newborn infants with hypoxic respiratory failure from hyaline membrane disease (HMD), mortality was high and air leaks problematic. This barotrauma was caused by the high peak inspir - Long-acting beta2-agonist in addition to tiotropium versus either tiotropium or long-acting beta2-agonist alone for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Oct-2015
Long-acting bronchodilators, comprising long-acting beta2-agonists (LABA) and long-acting anti-muscarinic agents (LAMA, principally tiotropium), are commonly used for managing persistent symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Combining
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