- Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2019
Pleural infection, including parapneumonic effusions and thoracic empyema, may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Standard treatment of these collections in adults involves antibiotic therapy, effective drainage of infected fluid and surgical - Intrarectal quinine versus intravenous or intramuscular quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2009
In children with falciparum malaria, a proprietary quinine preparation (adjusted to make it less acidic) administered rectally may be easier to use and less painful than intramuscular or intravenous administration. However, rectal quinine may be less effe - Intrastromal corneal ring segments for treating keratoconus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-May-2019
Keratoconus is a degenerative condition of the cornea that profoundly affects vision and vision-specific quality of life. The axial cornea thins and protrudes, resulting in irregularity and, eventually, scarring of the cornea. There are multiple options a - Intrathecal baclofen for treating spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture arising from a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. Spasticity, a disorder of increased muscle tone, is the most common motor difficulty and is associated with activity limitation to varying - Intratracheal Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) administration in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory agent. CCSP is available synthetically as recombinant human Clara cell protein (rhCC10). It has been shown in animal models to reduce lung injury, improve pulmonary complian - Intratympanic gentamicin for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2011
Ménière's disease is characterised by three major symptoms: vertigo, deafness and tinnitus, which may be accompanied by aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. While discontinuous, these symptoms are synchronous. Intratym - Intratympanic steroids for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2011
Ménière's disease is a disorder characterised by hearing loss, tinnitus and disabling vertigo. The use of intratympanic steroids to reduce the severity of these symptoms has been gaining popularity. - Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2018
Most women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment will reach the stage of embryo transfer (ET), but the proportion of embryos that can be successfully implanted after ET has remained small since the mid-1990s. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a h - Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Mar-2020
Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is a widely-used fertility treatment for couples with unexplained subfertility. Although IUI is less invasive and less expensive than in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the safety of IUI in combination with ovarian hyperstimula - Intrauterine insemination versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion for non-tubal infertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2013
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a common treatment for couples with subfertility that does not involve the fallopian tubes. It is used to bring the sperm close to the released oocyte. Another method of introducing sperm is fallopian tube sperm perfusio - Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 25-Jan-2018
The first-line treatment in donor sperm treatment consists of inseminations that can be done by intrauterine insemination (IUI) or by intracervical insemination (ICI). - Intra‐uterine insemination versus timed intercourse or expectant management for cervical hostility in subfertile couples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2005
The postcoital test has poor diagnostic and prognostic characteristics. Nevertheless, some physicians believe it can identify scanty or abnormal mucus that might impair fertility. One way to avoid 'hostile' cervical mucus is intrauterine insemination. Wit - Intravascular brachytherapy for peripheral vascular disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Jan-2014
Interventional treatment of arteries that are narrowed and obstructed by atherosclerosis involves either bypassing the blockage using a graft; widening the artery from the inside with a balloon, a procedure known as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty ( - Intravenous alpha‐1 antitrypsin augmentation therapy for treating patients with alpha‐1 antitrypsin deficiency and lung disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2016
Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that can cause chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). People who smoke are more seriously affected and have a greater risk of dying from the disease. Therefore, the primary treatment is to hel - Intravenous aminophylline for acute severe asthma in children over two years receiving inhaled bronchodilators
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Since the advent of inhaled ß2 -agonists, anticholinergic agents and glucocorticoids, the role of aminophylline in paediatric acute asthma has become less clear. There remains some consensus that it is beneficial in children with acute severe asthma, rece - Intravenous antibiotics for pulmonary exacerbations in people with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jul-2015
Cystic fibrosis is a multi-system disease characterised by the production of thick secretions causing recurrent pulmonary infection, often with unusual bacteria. Intravenous antibiotics are commonly used in the treatment of acute deteriorations in symptom - Intravenous beta2‐agonists for acute asthma in the emergency department
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2001
Inhaled beta-agonist therapy is central to the management of acute asthma. The use of intravenous beta-agonist agents may also be beneficial in this setting. - Intravenous beta2-agonists versus intravenous aminophylline for acute asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Nov-2012
Inhaled beta2-agonist therapy is central to the management of acute asthma. For rapid bronchodilation in severe cases, penetration of inhaled drug to the affected small conducting airway may be impeded, and the intravenous (IV) rather than inhaled adminis - Intravenous dexamethasone for extubation of newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2001
Endotracheal tubes are foreign bodies that may injure the upper airway causing laryngeal edema. This in turn may result in failure of extubation in preterm infants. Corticosteroids have been used prophylactically to reduce upper airway obstruction and fac - Intravenous fluids for abdominal aortic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Surgery on the abdominal aorta to treat aneurysms or occlusive disease is a major undertaking which requires intensive physiological support and fluid management. Blood products are often used but the main fluid replacement is with crystalloids or colloid
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