- Intravenous oxytocin alone for cervical ripening and induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Aug-2009
Oxytocin is the commonest induction agent used worldwide. It has been used alone, in combination with amniotomy or following cervical ripening with other pharmacological or non-pharmacological methods. - Intravenous prostaglandin for induction of labour
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Jan-2013
Intravenous prostaglandin E2 and F2 alpha can be used to induce labour, however their use is limited by unacceptable maternal side-effect profiles. This is one of a series of reviews of methods of cervical ripening and labour induction using standardised - Intravenous secretin for autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2012
In 1998 secretin, a gastrointestinal hormone, was suggested as an effective treatment for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) based on anecdotal evidence. - Intravenous versus inhalation anaesthesia for one-lung ventilation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Feb-2017
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library, Issue 2, 2008. - Intravenous versus inhalational anaesthesia for paediatric outpatient surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Feb-2014
Ambulatory or outpatient anaesthesia is performed in patients who are discharged on the same day as their surgery. Perioperative complications such as postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), postoperative behavioural disturbances and cardiorespiratory c - Intravenous versus inhalational maintenance of anaesthesia for postoperative cognitive outcomes in elderly people undergoing non-cardiac surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2018
The use of anaesthetics in the elderly surgical population (more than 60 years of age) is increasing. Postoperative delirium, an acute condition characterized by reduced awareness of the environment and a disturbance in attention, typically occurs between - Intravenous versus inhalational techniques for rapid emergence from anaesthesia in patients undergoing brain tumour surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Jan-2017
Brain tumour surgery usually is carried out with the patient under general anaesthesia. Over past years, both intravenous and inhalational anaesthetic agents have been used, but the superiority of one agent over the other is a topic of ongoing debate. Ear - Intraventricular streptokinase after intraventricular hemorrhage in newborn infants
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2008
Hydrocephalus following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) is still one of the most serious complications of premature birth. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery cannot be carried out early and permanent dependence on a shunt is associated with several seri - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in Ta and T1 bladder cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Feb-2010
Intravesical therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) aims to reduce the incidence of tumour recurrence following transurethral resection (TUR) for patients with superficial bladder cancer. - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus epirubicin for Ta and T1 bladder cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-May-2011
Bladder cancer accounts for approximately 4.4% of adult malignancies, and approximately 80% of bladder cancer presents initially as transitional cell carcinoma that is confined to the urothelium (stage Ta) or lamina propria (stage T1). Intravesical admini - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Nov-2015
Tumour recurrence following transurethral resection (TUR) for Ta and T1 bladder cancer is a major clinical problem. Intravesical administration of mitomycin C (MMC) or bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has proven prophylactic activity but both are associated - Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin with interferon-alpha versus intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Mar-2017
Despite local therapies, commonly transurethral resection (TUR) followed by adjuvant treatments, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) has a high rate of recurrence and progression. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) has been shown to reduce - Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2017
Electromotive drug administration (EMDA) is the use of electrical current to improve the delivery of intravesical agents to reduce the risk of recurrence in people with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). It is unclear how effective this is in com - Intravesical gemcitabine for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Dec-2011
Intravesical immunotherapy or chemotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer is a well established treatment for preventing or delaying tumour recurrence following tumour resection. However, up to 70% of patients may fail and new intravesical agents - Intravesical treatments for painful bladder syndrome/ interstitial cystitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Nov-2008
Painful Bladder Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis (PBS/IC) occurs predominantly in women. It is a poorly-understood condition with symptoms of bladder pain, urinary frequency, urgency and nocturia. Treatments for PBS/IC include dietary/lifestyle intervention - Intravitreal low molecular weight heparin and 5-Fluorouracil for the prevention of proliferative vitreoretinopathy following retinal reattachment surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2012
Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) is a significant cause of failure in retinal reattachment surgery. Various pharmacological agents have shown potential benefit in reducing postoperative PVR risk. - Intravitreal steroids for macular edema in diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2008
Macular edema is secondary to leakage from diseased retinal capillaries and is an important cause of poor central visual acuity in patients with diabetic retinopathy. - Intravitreal steroids versus observation for macular edema secondary to central retinal vein occlusion
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2015
Central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) is a common retinal vascular abnormality associated with conditions such as hypertension, diabetes, glaucoma, and a wide variety of hematologic disorders. Macular edema (ME) represents an important vision-threatening - Invasive urodynamic studies for the management of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in men with voiding dysfunction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Apr-2015
Invasive urodynamic tests are used to investigate men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and voiding dysfunction to determine a definitive objective diagnosis. The aim is to help clinicians select the treatment that is most likely to be successful. - Invasive versus non-invasive ventilation for acute respiratory failure in neuromuscular disease and chest wall disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Dec-2017
Acute respiratory failure is a common life-threatening complication of acute onset neuromuscular diseases, and may exacerbate chronic hypoventilation in patients with neuromuscular disease or chest wall disorders. Standard management includes oxygen suppl
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