- Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Jan-2019
Injuries to the recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN) remain one of the major post-operative complications after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. Damage to this nerve can result in a temporary or permanent palsy, which is associated with vocal cord pa - Intraoperative use of low volume ventilation to decrease postoperative mortality, mechanical ventilation, lengths of stay and lung injury in adults without acute lung injury
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2018
Since the 2000s, there has been a trend towards decreasing tidal volumes for positive pressure ventilation during surgery. This an update of a review first published in 2015, trying to determine if lower tidal volumes are beneficial or harmful for patient - Intrapartum antibiotics for known maternal Group B streptococcal colonization
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Aug-2016
Maternal colonization with group B streptococcus (GBS) during pregnancy increases the risk of neonatal infection by vertical transmission. Administration of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis (IAP) during labor has been associated with a reduction in earl - Intrapartum fetal scalp lactate sampling for fetal assessment in the presence of a non‐reassuring fetal heart rate trace
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Jun-2015
Fetal scalp blood sampling for lactate estimation may be considered following identification of an abnormal or non-reassuring fetal heart rate pattern. The smaller volume of blood required for this test, compared with the more traditional pH estimation, m - Intrapartum interventions for preventing shoulder dystocia
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jul-2009
The early management of shoulder dystocia involves the administration of various manoeuvres which aim to relieve the dystocia by manipulating the fetal shoulders and increasing the functional size of the maternal pelvis. - Intraperitoneal chemotherapy for the initial management of primary epithelial ovarian cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jan-2016
Ovarian cancer tends to be chemosensitive and confine itself to the surface of the peritoneal cavity for much of its natural history. These features have made it an obvious target for intraperitoneal (IP) chemotherapy. Chemotherapy for ovarian cancer is u - Intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation versus no intraperitoneal local anaesthetic instillation for laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Mar-2014
While laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally considered less painful than open surgery, pain is one of the important reasons for delayed discharge after day surgery and overnight stay laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The safety and effectiveness of intrap - Intra‐peritoneal prophylactic agents for preventing adhesions and adhesive intestinal obstruction after non‐gynaecological abdominal surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Nov-2008
Intra-abdominal adhesions are common and challenge patients, surgeons and other healthcare providers. They are potentially preventable and several agents that act as barriers between adjacent peritoneal surfaces have been evaluated for prophylaxis. Effica - Intra‐pleural fibrinolytic therapy versus placebo, or a different fibrinolytic agent, in the treatment of adult parapneumonic effusions and empyema
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Oct-2019
Pleural infection, including parapneumonic effusions and thoracic empyema, may complicate lower respiratory tract infections. Standard treatment of these collections in adults involves antibiotic therapy, effective drainage of infected fluid and surgical - Intrarectal quinine versus intravenous or intramuscular quinine for treating Plasmodium falciparum malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
In children with falciparum malaria, a proprietary quinine preparation (adjusted to make it less acidic) administered rectally may be easier to use and less painful than intramuscular or intravenous administration. However, rectal quinine may be less effe - Intrastromal corneal ring segments for treating keratoconus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-May-2019
Keratoconus is a degenerative condition of the cornea that profoundly affects vision and vision-specific quality of life. The axial cornea thins and protrudes, resulting in irregularity and, eventually, scarring of the cornea. There are multiple options a - Intrathecal baclofen for treating spasticity in children with cerebral palsy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Nov-2015
Cerebral palsy is a disorder of movement and posture arising from a non-progressive lesion in the developing brain. Spasticity, a disorder of increased muscle tone, is the most common motor difficulty and is associated with activity limitation to varying - Intratracheal Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) administration in preterm infants with or at risk of respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2017
Clara cell secretory protein (CCSP) is an immune-modulating and anti-inflammatory agent. CCSP is available synthetically as recombinant human Clara cell protein (rhCC10). It has been shown in animal models to reduce lung injury, improve pulmonary complian - Intratympanic gentamicin for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Mar-2011
Ménière's disease is characterised by three major symptoms: vertigo, deafness and tinnitus, which may be accompanied by aural fullness, all of which are discontinuous and variable in intensity. While discontinuous, these symptoms are synchronous. Intratym - Intratympanic steroids for Ménière's disease or syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Jun-2011
Ménière's disease is a disorder characterised by hearing loss, tinnitus and disabling vertigo. The use of intratympanic steroids to reduce the severity of these symptoms has been gaining popularity. - Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 23-Oct-2018
Most women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment will reach the stage of embryo transfer (ET), but the proportion of embryos that can be successfully implanted after ET has remained small since the mid-1990s. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a h - Intra‐uterine insemination for unexplained subfertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Mar-2020
Intra-uterine insemination (IUI) is a widely-used fertility treatment for couples with unexplained subfertility. Although IUI is less invasive and less expensive than in vitro fertilisation (IVF), the safety of IUI in combination with ovarian hyperstimula - Intrauterine insemination versus fallopian tube sperm perfusion for non-tubal infertility
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 30-Oct-2013
Intrauterine insemination (IUI) is a common treatment for couples with subfertility that does not involve the fallopian tubes. It is used to bring the sperm close to the released oocyte. Another method of introducing sperm is fallopian tube sperm perfusio - Intrauterine insemination versus intracervical insemination in donor sperm treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 5-Feb-2018
The first-line treatment in donor sperm treatment consists of inseminations that can be done by intrauterine insemination (IUI) or by intracervical insemination (ICI). - Intra‐uterine insemination versus timed intercourse or expectant management for cervical hostility in subfertile couples
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Sep-2010
The postcoital test has poor diagnostic and prognostic characteristics. Nevertheless, some physicians believe it can identify scanty or abnormal mucus that might impair fertility. One way to avoid 'hostile' cervical mucus is intrauterine insemination. Wit
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