Showing 401-420 of 490 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Rubber band ligation versus excisional haemorrhoidectomy for haemorrhoids
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2005
Traditional treatment methods for haemorrhoids fall into two broad groups: less invasive techniques including rubber band ligation (RBL), which tend to produce minimal pain, and the more radical techniques like excisional haemorrhoidectomy (EH), which are
- Sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence and constipation in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Aug-2015
Faecal incontinence (FI) and constipation are both socially-embarrassing and physically-disabling conditions that impair quality of life. For both, surgery may be required in a minority of people when more conservative measures fail. However, the invasive
- S-adenosyl-L-methionine for alcoholic liver diseases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2015
Alcohol is a major cause of liver disease and disrupts methionine and oxidative balances. S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) acts as a methyl donor for methylation reactions and participates in the synthesis of glutathione, the main cellular antioxidant. Rand
- Sargramostim (GM-CSF) for induction of remission in Crohn's disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Sep-2011
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory condition of the gut, thought to involve an overactive immune response to gut flora. A novel theory postulates possible immunodeficiency as a cause, and aims to use sargramostim (granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating
- Scalpel versus electrosurgery for major abdominal incisions
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Jun-2017
Scalpels or electrosurgery can be used to make abdominal incisions. The potential benefits of electrosurgery may include reduced blood loss, dry and rapid separation of tissue, and reduced risk of cutting injury to surgeons. Postsurgery risks possibly ass
- Scopolamine (hyoscine) for preventing and treating motion sickness
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 15-Jun-2011
This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in The Cochrane Library in Issue 3, 2004 and previously updated in 2007 and 2009.
- Screening for colorectal cancer using the faecal occult blood test, Hemoccult
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jan-2007
Colorectal cancer is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in the Western world. The human and financial costs have prompted considerable research to evaluate screening tests to detect the cancer at an early curable stage. Tests that have
- Sedation of children undergoing dental treatment
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 17-Dec-2018
Children's fear about dental treatment may lead to behaviour management problems for the dentist, which can be a barrier to the successful dental treatment of children. Sedation can be used to relieve anxiety and manage behaviour in children undergoing de
- Sedative techniques for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-May-2012
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an uncomfortable therapeutic procedure that cannot be performed without adequate sedation or general anaesthesia. A considerable number of ERCPs are performed annually in the UK (at least 48,000) an
- Selective internal radiation therapy for liver metastases from colorectal cancer
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Liver metastases are often the dominant site of metastatic disease in colorectal cancer. Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) involves embolising radiolabeled spheres (SIR-Spheres) into the arterial supply of the liver with the aim of improving the
- Selenium supplementation to prevent short‐term morbidity in preterm neonates
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Oct-2003
Selenium is an essential trace element and component of a number of selenoproteins including glutathione peroxidase, which has a role in protecting against oxidative damage. Selenium is also known to play a role in immunocompetence. Blood selenium concent
- Sequential combination of glucocorticosteroids and alfa interferon versus alfa interferon alone for HBeAg‐positive chronic hepatitis B
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jul-2005
Chronic hepatitis B has serious effects on morbidity and mortality. Alfa interferon has been shown to increase the rates of HBeAg-clearance as well as seroconversion to anti-HBe, but response rates are unsatisfactory. Glucocorticosteroid pretreatment may
- Serotonin receptor antagonists for highly emetogenic chemotherapy in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2016
Serotonin receptor antagonists (5-HT3 RAs) are used to control chemotherapy-induced emesis. Although they have the same general mechanism of action (blockade of serotonin receptors), they have different chemical structures and may have different effects.
- Short term benefits for laparoscopic colorectal resection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Apr-2005
Colorectal resections are common surgical procedures all over the world. Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is technically feasible in a considerable amount of patients under elective conditions. Several short-term benefits of the laparoscopic approach to co
- Short versus long duration infusions of paclitaxel for any advanced adenocarcinoma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Paclitaxel has become a standard drug used in a number of common cancers. At first long infusions were used to reduce the rate of inflow of the drug and as a result reduce the occurrence of hypersensitivity types of allergic reactions. Trials with shorter
- Short‐term treatment with proton pump inhibitors, H2‐receptor antagonists and prokinetics for gastro‐oesophageal reflux disease‐like symptoms and endoscopy negative reflux disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 31-May-2013
Approximately 25% of adults regularly experience heartburn, a symptom of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD). Most patients are treated empirically (without specific diagnostic evaluation e.g. endoscopy. Among patients who have an upper endoscopy, fi
- Singing as an adjunct therapy for children and adults with cystic fibrosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Jul-2019
Cystic fibrosis is a genetically inherited, life-threatening condition that affects major organs. The management of cystic fibrosis involves a multi-faceted daily treatment regimen that includes airway clearance techniques, pancreatic enzymes and other me
- Single layer versus double layer suture anastomosis of the gastrointestinal tract
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Nov-2011
Gastrointestinal anastomosis (GIA) is an essential step to maintain the continuity of gastrointestinal tract following intestinal resection. GIA is still a source of significant controversy among surgeons due to the use of variety of approaches. Adequate
- Single versus multiple visits for endodontic treatment of permanent teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 13-Dec-2022
Root canal treatment (RoCT), or endodontic treatment, is a common procedure in dentistry. The main indications for RoCT are irreversible pulpitis and necrosis of the dental pulp caused by carious processes, coronal crack or fracture, or dental trauma. Suc
- Slow‐release fluoride devices for the control of dental decay
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Mar-2018
Slow-release fluoride devices have been investigated as a potentially cost-effective method of reducing dental caries in people with high risk of disease. This is the second update of the Cochrane Review first published in 2006 and previously updated in 2
