- Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Ureteral stones frequently cause renal colic, and if left untreated, can lead to obstructive uropathy. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and ureteroscopy, with or without intracorporeal lithotripsy, are the most common interventions used to tre - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Glaucoma is a multi-factorial optic neuropathy characterized by an acquired loss of retinal ganglion cells at levels beyond normal age-related loss and corresponding atrophy of the optic nerve. Although many treatments are available to manage glaucoma, pa - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Traumatic optic neuropathy (TON) is an important cause of severe visual loss following blunt or penetrating head trauma. Following the initial injury, optic nerve swelling within the optic nerve canal can result in secondary retinal ganglion cell loss. Op - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Many different drugs have been suggested for the symptomatic treatment of primary Raynaud's phenomenon. Apart from calcium channel blockers, which are considered the drugs of choice, the evidence of the effects of alternative pharmacological treatments is - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
An up-to-date overview of the effectiveness and safety of dynamic exercise therapy (exercise therapy with a sufficient intensity, duration, and frequency to establish improvement in aerobic capacity and/or muscle strength) is lacking. - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Cleft palate is the most common congenital deformity of the face. It could affect speech acquisition, resulting in articulation errors that could persist into adulthood. Electropalatography (EPG) has been used in speech therapy with individuals who have a - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Protein restriction has been prescribed for some time for patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The effect of a low protein diet on delaying the progression to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in children and its impact on growth and nutrition remain - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Intermittent preventive treatment is recommended for pregnant women living in malaria endemic countries due to benefits for both mother and baby. However, the impact may not be the same in HIV-positive pregnant women, as HIV infection impairs a woman's im - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Around 308 million people worldwide are estimated to have impaired glucose tolerance (IGT); 25% to 75% of these will develop diabetes within a decade of initial diagnosis. At diagnosis, half will have tissue-related damage and all have an increased risk f - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
In adolescents with type 1 diabetes, insulin resistance likely plays a role in the deterioration of metabolic control. In type 1 diabetes, addition of metformin to insulin therapy, to improve insulin sensitivity, has been assessed in a few trials involvin - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
There is increasing evidence that capillary occlusion plays an important part in the development of diabetic retinopathy. Disaggregants, such as pentoxyfilline may influence the outcome and progression of diabetic retinopathy, but no systematic review of - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
There is increasing evidence that diabetic retinopathy is caused by the action of free radicals. Radical scavengers like vitamin C and superoxide dismutase (SOD) may influence the outcome and progression of diabetic retinopathy, but no systematic review o - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Dental implants are usually placed by elevating a soft tissue flap, but in some instances, they can also be placed flapless reducing patient discomfort. Several flap designs and suturing techniques have been proposed. Soft tissues are often manipulated an - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Most vaginal births are associated with trauma to the genital tract. The morbidity associated with perineal trauma can be significant, especially when it comes to third- and fourth-degree tears. Different interventions including perineal massage, warm or - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
A traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) is a lesion of neural elements of the spinal cord that can result in any degree of sensory and motor deficit, autonomic or bowel dysfunction. Improvement of locomotor function is one of the primary goals for people wit - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) has several treatment options, including angioplasty, stenting, exercise therapy, and bypass surgery. Atherectomy is an alternative procedure, in which atheroma is cut or ground away within the artery. This is - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Immobilization of the lower limb is a risk factor for venous thromboembolism (VTE). Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are anticoagulants, which might be used in adult patients with lower-limb immobilization to prevent deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Progressive lung damage from recurrent exacerbations is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis. Life expectancy of people with cystic fibrosis has increased dramatically in the last 40 years. One of the major reasons for this increa - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Macular oedema (MO) is the accumulation of extracellular fluid in the central retina (the macula). It may occur after cataract surgery and may give rise to poor visual outcome, with reduced visual acuity and distortion of the central vision. MO is often s - Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review, published in 2009, Issue 2.
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