Showing 381-400 of 490 for: Cochrane Systematic Reviews > Gastrointestinal 
- Rectal 5-aminosalicylic acid for maintenance of remission in ulcerative colitis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2012
5-Aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) is a first-line therapy for inducing and maintaining remission of mild and moderately active ulcerative colitis (UC). When the proximal margin of inflammation is distal to the splenic flexure, 5-ASA therapy can be delivered a
- Red cell transfusion for the management of upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 8-Sep-2010
Upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage affects 50 to 150 per 100,000 adults per year, with a high mortality. Red blood cell transfusions are frequently given, but their impact on rebleeding rates and mortality is unknown.
- Reduced osmolarity oral rehydration solution for treating dehydration caused by acute diarrhoea in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 10-Nov-2008
Oral rehydration solution (ORS) has reduced childhood deaths from diarrhoea in many countries. Recent studies suggest that the currently recommended formulation of ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) may not be optimal, and solutions th
- Regional (spinal, epidural, caudal) versus general anaesthesia in preterm infants undergoing inguinal herniorrhaphy in early infancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Jun-2015
With improvements in neonatal intensive care, more preterm infants are surviving the neonatal period and presenting for surgery in early infancy. Inguinal hernia is the most common condition requiring early surgery, appearing in 38% of infants whose birth
- Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Aug-2014
The term anchorage in orthodontic treatment refers to methods of controlling unwanted tooth movement. This is provided either by anchor sites within the mouth, such as the teeth and the palate, or from outside the mouth (headgear). Recently, new methods o
- Resection versus no intervention or other surgical interventions for colorectal cancer liver metastases
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Aug-2011
Up to 50% of patients with colorectal cancer develop metastases of which half are isolated to the liver and 10% to 25% are eligible for resection. If all disease is removed these patients have a 30% to 50% chance of survival at five years. Treatment optio
- Resorbable versus titanium plates for orthognathic surgery
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 4-Oct-2017
Recognition of some of the limitations of titanium plates and screws used for the fixation of bones has led to the development of plates manufactured from bioresorbable materials. Whilst resorbable plates appear to offer clinical advantages over metal pla
- Restriction of oral intake of water for aspiration lung disease in children
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 12-Sep-2012
Primary aspiration of food and fluid is commonly seen in children with feeding and swallowing difficulties associated with a range of diseases and complex medical conditions. Respiratory sequelae and pneumonia are known to be associated with primary aspir
- Retention procedures for stabilising tooth position after treatment with orthodontic braces
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 29-Jan-2016
Retention is the phase of orthodontic treatment that attempts to keep teeth in the corrected positions after treatment with orthodontic braces. Without a phase of retention, there is a tendency for teeth to return to their initial position (relapse). To p
- Ribavirin monotherapy for chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Oct-2009
Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. A high proportion of patients never experience symptoms. Peginterferon plus ribavirin is the recommended treatment for chronic hepatitis C. However, ribavirin monotherapy may be consid
- Ribavirin plus interferon versus interferon for chronic hepatitis C
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 20-Jan-2010
Hepatitis C is a major cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality. Standard therapy is ribavirin plus pegylated interferon to achieve undetectable level of virus in the blood, but the effect on clinical outcomes is controversial.
- Root canal posts for the restoration of root filled teeth
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Nov-2016
The foundation for the reconstruction of endodontically-treated teeth can be provided by a metal or a non-metal post and core system but no guidelines exist for choosing one or the other in particular clinical cases.
- Root coverage procedures for treating localised and multiple recession-type defects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Oct-2018
Gingival recession is defined as the oral exposure of the root surface due to a displacement of the gingival margin apical to the cemento-enamel junction and it is regularly linked to the deterioration of dental aesthetics. Successful treatment of recessi
- Rotavirus vaccine for preventing diarrhoea
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Jan-2004
Rotaviruses cause viral gastroenteritis and result in more deaths from diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age than any other single agent, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
- Routine abdominal drainage for uncomplicated liver resection
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
The main reasons for inserting a drain after elective liver resections are (i) prevention of sub-phrenic or sub-hepatic fluid collection; (ii) identification and monitoring of post-operative bleeding; (iii) identification and drainage of any bile leak; an
- Routine abdominal drainage for uncomplicated open cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-Nov-2008
Cholecystectomy is the removal of gallbladder and is performed mainly for symptomatic gallstones. Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently preferred over open cholecystectomy for elective cholecystectomy, reports of randomised clinical trials co
- Routine abdominal drainage versus no abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 3-Sep-2013
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the main method of treatment of symptomatic gallstones. Drains are used after laparoscopic cholecystectomy to prevent abdominal collections. However, drain use may increase infective complications and delay discharge.
- Routine drainage for orthotopic liver transplantation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2011
Routine use of abdominal drainage in patients undergoing liver transplantation is controversial.
- Routine prophylactic drugs in normal labour for reducing gastric aspiration and its effects
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Jul-2006
Women in normal labour may sometimes go on to have general anaesthesia if labour becomes abnormal, for example if a caesarean section is required. General anaesthesia carries a very small risk of regurgitation and inhalation of stomach contents into the l
- Routine scale and polish for periodontal health in adults
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Dec-2018
Many dentists or hygienists provide scaling and polishing for patients at regular intervals, even for those at low risk of developing periodontal disease. There is debate over the clinical and cost effectiveness of 'routine scaling and polishing' and the
