- Inositol in preterm infants at risk for or having respiratory distress syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Jan-2020
Inositol is an essential nutrient required by human cells in culture for growth and survival. Inositol promotes maturation of several components of surfactant and may play a critical role in fetal and early neonatal life. A drop in inositol levels in infa - Inotropic agents and vasodilator strategies for the treatment of cardiogenic shock or low cardiac output syndrome
Cochrane Systematic Reviews,
Cardiogenic shock (CS) and low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) are potentially life-threatening complications of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), heart failure (HF) or cardiac surgery. While there is solid evidence for the treatment of other cardiovascul - Inpatient versus other settings for detoxification for opioid dependence
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 24-Jun-2008
There are a complex range of variables that can influence the course and subjective severity of opioid withdrawal. There is a growing evidence for the effectiveness of a range of medically-supported detoxification strategies, but little attention has been - Inpatient versus outpatient care, partial hospitalisation and waiting list for people with eating disorders
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 22-Jan-2019
Clinical guidelines recommend outpatient care for the majority of people with an eating disorder. The optimal use of inpatient treatment or combination of inpatient and partial hospital care is disputed and practice varies widely. - Insecticide space spraying for preventing malaria transmission
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 1-Nov-2018
Space spraying is the dispersal of a liquid fog of insecticide into an outdoor area to kill adult insects. It has been regularly used in public health and pest control programmes, including use as an emergency response to malaria epidemics. This Cochrane - Insecticide‐treated nets for preventing malaria
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 14-Mar-2019
A previous version of this Cochrane Review identified that insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) are effective at reducing child mortality, parasite prevalence, and uncomplicated and severe malaria episodes. Insecticide-treated nets have since become a core int - Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria in pregnancy
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2009
Malaria in pregnancy is associated with adverse consequences for mother and fetus. Protection with insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) during pregnancy is widely advocated, but evidence of their benefit has been inconsistent. - In‐service training for health professionals to improve care of seriously ill newborns and children in low‐income countries
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 11-May-2015
A variety of in-service emergency care training courses are currently being promoted as a strategy to improve the quality of care provided to seriously ill newborns and children in low-income countries. Most courses have been developed in high-income coun - Insoles for prevention and treatment of back pain
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Feb-2010
There is lack of theoretical and clinical knowledge of the use of insoles for prevention or treatment of back pain. The high incidence of back pain and the popularity of shoe insoles call for a systematic review of this practice. - Inspiratory muscle training for asthma
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 9-Sep-2013
In some people with asthma, expiratory airflow limitation, premature closure of small airways, activity of inspiratory muscles at the end of expiration and reduced pulmonary compliance may lead to lung hyperinflation. With the increase in lung volume, che - Inspiratory muscle training for the recovery of function after stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 28-Mar-2012
Inspiratory muscle weakness has been observed in patients with stroke. Inspiratory muscle training is an intervention that has shown possible effects for functional recovery of patients with stroke. - Institutional versus at-home long term care for functionally dependent older people
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 2-Nov-2008
An increasing number of functionally dependent older people require care and medical treatment. Increasingly governments are shifting resources into community care expecting both reduction in costs and improvement in the quality of care. However, it is di - Instruments for assessing readiness to commence suck feeds in preterm infants: effects on time to establish full oral feeding and duration of hospitalisation
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Feb-2017
One of the most challenging milestones for preterm infants is the acquisition of safe and efficient feeding skills. The majority of healthy full term infants are born with skills to coordinate their suck, swallow and respiration. However, this is not the - Instruments for chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 26-Nov-2012
Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) is the method of choice for obtaining fetal tissue for prenatal diagnosis before 15 weeks of pregnancy. CVS can be performed using either a transabdominal or transcervical approach. The type of instrument and technique used - Insulin and glucose‐lowering agents for treating people with diabetes and chronic kidney disease
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 7-Sep-2018
Diabetes is the commonest cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Both conditions commonly co-exist. Glucometabolic changes and concurrent dialysis in diabetes and CKD make glucose-lowering challenging, increasing the risk of hypoglycaemia. Glucose-lowerin - Insulin detemir versus insulin glargine for type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 6-Jul-2011
Chronically elevated blood glucose levels are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Many diabetes patients will eventually require insulin treatment to maintain good glycaemic control. There are still uncertainties about the optimal insulin - Insulin for glycaemic control in acute ischaemic stroke
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 21-Jan-2014
People with hyperglycaemia concomitant with an acute stroke have greater mortality, stroke severity, and functional impairment when compared with those with normoglycaemia at stroke presentation. This is an update of a Cochrane Review first published in 2 - Insulin for the treatment of women with gestational diabetes
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 19-Oct-2017
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with short- and long-term complications for the mother and her infant. Women who are unable to maintain their blood glucose concentration within pre-specified treatment targets with diet and lifestyle inte - Insulin monotherapy compared with the addition of oral glucose‐lowering agents to insulin for people with type 2 diabetes already on insulin therapy and inadequate glycaemic control
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 16-Mar-2020
It is unclear whether people with type 2 diabetes mellitus on insulin monotherapy who do not achieve adequate glycaemic control should continue insulin as monotherapy or can benefit from adding oral glucose-lowering agents to the insulin therapy. - Insulin monotherapy versus combinations of insulin with oral hypoglycaemic agents in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Cochrane Systematic Reviews, 27-Oct-2008
It is unclear whether patients with type 2 diabetes who have poor glycaemic control despite maximal oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) should be commenced on insulin as monotherapy, or insulin combined with oral hypoglycaemic agents (insulin-OHA combination
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